Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Level 3 > Families exam 4 - neurosensory and neuromuscular > Flashcards

Families exam 4 - neurosensory and neuromuscular Flashcards

1
Q

When would a positive kernig’s sign and positive brudzinski’s sign be seen with meningitis?

A

2 years - adolescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When would a weak cry vs. a high-pitched cry be seen with meningitis?

A
  • weak: newborn
  • high pitched: 3 months - 2 years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When is photophobia seen?

A

meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When are bulging fontanels seen with meningitis?

A

3 months - 2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What assessments need to be done for meningitis?

A
  • neuro
  • pain
  • fluid status
  • urine output
  • VS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What needs to be monitored for newborns and infants with meningitis?

A
  • head circumference
  • fontanels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What precautions are necessary for meningitis?

A
  • seizure
  • droplet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of medications can be used for meningitis?

A
  • antibiotics
  • corticosteroids (not for viral)
  • analgesics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What position should a child be in for a lumbar puncture?

A

side-lying with their knees drawn up and their head flexed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does bacterial CSF look like?

A
  • cloudy
  • increased WBC
  • increased protein
  • decreased glucose
  • positive gram stain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does viral CSF look like?

A
  • clear
  • increased WBC
  • norm/increased protein
  • normal glucose
  • negative gram stain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When would a supple neck vs. a stiff neck be seen with meningitis?

A
  • supple: newborn
  • stiff: 2 years- adolescense
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens to the fontanels of a baby with increased ICP?

A

bulging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens to the cranial sutures of a baby with increased ICP?

A

they separate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens to the head circumference of a baby with increased ICP?

A

it increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens to the HR of a baby with increased ICP?

A

bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What types of respirations characterize increased ICP?

A

cheyne-stokes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What vision changes can occur with increased ICP?

A

double or blurred vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are priority assessments for increased ICP?

A
  • LOC
  • pupils
  • VS
  • ICP
  • motor activity
  • sensory
  • verbal responses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How can ICP be decreased?

A
  • raise HOB to 30
  • keep head midline
  • avoid hip flexion/extension
  • minimize suctioning
  • avoid coughing, blowing nose, straining
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What can be signs of brain herniation?

A
  • loss of blinking and gag reflex
  • pupils not reacting to light
  • systemic HTN
  • bradycardia
  • coma
  • respiratory arrest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What can it mean if CSF or blood drains from the ears or nose?

A

basilar fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does a VP shunt treat?

A

hydrocephalus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What s/sx might occur if shunt malfunction/failure occurs with a VP shunt?

A

signs of increased ICP
- vomiting
- poor appetite
- high-pitched cry
- bulging fontanels

25
Q

What s/sx might occur if shunt infection occurs with a VP shunt?

A
  • changes in responsiveness
  • low-grade fever
  • diminished appetite
  • sleep disturbances
  • signs of increased ICP
26
Q

What are some risk factors for seizures?

A
  • cerebral edema
  • intracranial infection/hemorrhage
  • brain tumor/cyst
  • toxins/drugs
  • hypoglycemia
  • electrolyte imbalances
27
Q

How long does the tonic phase of a seizure last?

A

10-30 seconds

28
Q

What happens during the tonic phase of a seizure?

A
  • loss of consciousness
  • contraction of the entire body (flexed arms, extended legs/head/neck)
  • stiffening of muscles
29
Q

What increases during the tonic part of a seizure?

A
  • salivation
  • BP
  • HR
30
Q

How long does the clonic phase of a seizure last?

A

30-50 seconds

31
Q

What happens during the clonic phase of a seizure?

A
  • violent jerking movements
  • foaming at the mouth
  • incontinence
32
Q

How long does the postictal phase of a seizure last?

A

30 mins

33
Q

What happens during the postictal phase of a seizure?

A
  • confusion, no recollection of the seizure
  • sleepy
  • impaired movements/coordination/vision/speech
  • sore
  • HA
  • possibly vomiting
34
Q

What position should the patient be in during a seizure?

A

side-lying

35
Q

What should you avoid doing during a seizure?

A
  • restraining
  • opening the jaw
  • putting anything in their mouth
36
Q

What should be noted during a seizure?

A
  • onset
  • time
  • duration
  • characteristics
37
Q

What is the first thing you should do after a seizure?

A

check for injuries

38
Q

What assessments should be done after a seizure?

A
  • neuro status
  • vitals
39
Q

What should be maintained after a seizure?

A
  • seizure precautions
  • side-lying position
40
Q

When should EMS be called for a seizure?

A
  • if the child stops breathing
  • if the seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes
  • pupils are unequal post-seizure
  • child vomits continuously 30 minutes post-seizure
  • child is unresponsive to pain or cannot be awakened
  • the seizure occurs in water
  • this is the child’s first seizure
41
Q

What is myopia?

A

near-sightedness

42
Q

What is hyperopia?

A

far-sightedness

43
Q

What is astigmatism?

A

uneven vision (can only see parts of letters on a page)

44
Q

What is esotropia?

A

inward deviation of the eye

45
Q

What is exotropia?

A

outward deviation of the eye

46
Q

What is strabismus?

A

when both eyes do not line up in the same direction

47
Q

What is amblyopia?

A

lazy eye

48
Q

What are cataracts?

A

decreased ability to see clearly

49
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

loss of peripheral vision

50
Q

What assistive devices can be used for visual impairments?

A
  • braille
  • audiotapes
  • special computers
51
Q

What can be used for testing visual acuity?

A
  • snellen chart
  • tumbling E
  • picture chart
52
Q

How far away does the child stand for a vision test?

A

10 ft

53
Q

How many characters have to be identified correctly to go to the next line?

A

4/6

54
Q

What is partial visual impairment?

A

20/70 to 20/200

55
Q

What is legal blindness?

A
  • 20/200 or worse
  • a visual field of 20 degrees or less in the better eye
56
Q

How can you tell if an infant has hearing impairment?

A
  • lack of startle reflex
  • failure to respond to noise/spoken words
  • absence of vocalizing by 7 months old
57
Q

How can you tell if a child has hearing impairment?

A
  • using gestures rather than talking after 15 months
  • failure to develop understood speech by 24 months
  • yelling
  • irritability due to inability to gain attention
  • shy/withdrawn
  • speaking in monotone
  • inattentive
58
Q

What can help with communication in a patient with hearing impairment?

A
  • lip reading
  • use of cued speech
  • hand gestures with verbal communication
  • flashing lights when the doorbell or phone rings
  • telecommunication devices
  • closed captioning on the TV
  • sign language or interpreter
  • hearing aids

Level 3 (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions