Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Level 3 > Complex Exam 3 - acute intracranial disorders > Flashcards

Complex Exam 3 - acute intracranial disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Does loss of consciousness occur with a concussion?

A

briefly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are s/sx of a concussion?

A
  • retrograde amnesia
  • confusion
  • memory loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a contusion?

A

bruising of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Does loss of consciousness occur with a contusion?

A

YES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What posturing can occur from a contusion?

A

decorticate and decerebrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What can a diffuse axonal injury lead to?

A

coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does intracerebral hemorrhage lead to?

A

hemorrhagic stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are s/sx of intracranial hemorrhages?

A
  • decreased LOC
  • ipsilateral pupillary dilation (on the side of injury)
  • weakness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of intracranial hemorrhage causes ICP to decrease fast?

A

epidural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When should you monitor for a CSF leak from the nose or ears? What does it indicate?

A
  • skull fractures
  • basilar skull fracture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the “halo sign”?

A

a yellow stain surrounded by blood that will test positive for glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Battle’s sign can happen with skull fractures. What is this?

A

bruising over the mastoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is it called when a patient with a skull fracture has periorbital edema and ecchymoses?

A

raccoon eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When should a lumbar puncture be avoided?

A

with increased ICP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can increased ICP be ruled out?

A

CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the patient at risk for after a craniotomy?

A
  • permanent neuro deficits
  • seizure disorder
  • infection
  • death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How should the patient be positioned if their head injury was infratentorial?

A

flat on either side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How should the patient be positioned if their head injury was supratentorial?

A

head midline with HOB @ 30 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What SCI results in quadriplegia?

A

injury to the cervical region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What SCI results in paraplegia?

A

injuries below T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What SCI causes the inability to protect the airway?

A

C4 and above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of the phrenic nerve?

A

stimulates spontaneous breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens to the bladder of a patient with a SCI?

A

spastic and flaccid neurogenic bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What SCI causes hypertonia?

A

above L1/L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What SCI causes hypotonia?

A

below L1/L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What happens to BP and RR with a SCI?

A

hypotension and shallow respirations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

If a patient with a SCI experiences loss of thermoregulation what is it a sign of?

A

neurogenic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Should the HOB be raised with a SCI?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is important to monitor with a SCI?

A
  • neuro status
  • muscle strength
  • mobility
  • sensation
  • skin breakdown
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How should a patient with a SCI be moved?

A

logroll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What type of SCI causes autonomic dysreflexia?

A

injury around T6 and above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the s/sx of autonomic dysreflexia?

A
  • extreme HTN
  • severe headache
  • diaphoresis
  • increased temp
  • anxiety/restlessness
  • goosebumps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What does autonomic dysreflexia increase the risk of?

A

stroke, seizure, death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the 3 B’s that cause autonomic dysreflexia?

A
  • bladder: distended
  • bowel: fecal impaction
  • breakdown of skin: tight clothing
35
Q

What is important to teach with autonomic dysreflexia?

A

bladder/bowel training

36
Q

When does neurogenic shock usually occur?

A

within 24 hours of a spinal cord injury

37
Q

What happens to BP and HR with neurogenic shock?

A

hypotension and bradycardia

38
Q

How can postural hypotension occur with neurogenic shock?

A

keeping the pt in an upright position

39
Q

How can postural HTN be avoided with neurogenic shock?

A

transfer the patient in stages by first raining the HOB and then transferring the patient into a reclining wheelchair

40
Q

If a patient experiences dizziness with neurogenic shock what should be done?

A
  • lower HOB
  • lock and lean wheelchair to fully reclining position
41
Q

What medication should be given for bradycardia with neurogenic shock?

A

atropine

42
Q

What are vasopressors used for with neurogenic shock?

A

to treat hypotension

43
Q

How many people should be used to transfer a patient in neurogenic shock?

A

3

44
Q

Is viral meningitis contagious?

A

not very

45
Q

Is bacterial meningitis contagious?

A

very

46
Q

What type of meningitis has a vaccine?

A

bacterial

47
Q

Meningitis causes a positive kernig’s sign. What does this mean?

A

there is pain and resistance when attempting to straighten the knee, the head flexes up

48
Q

Meningitis causes a positive brudzinski’s sign. What does this mean?

A

the knees and hips flex when the patient’s neck is flexed

49
Q

What happens to DTR’s with a SCI?

A

they are absent

50
Q

What happens to DTR’s with meningitis?

A

they are hyperactive

51
Q

What happens to the neck of a patient with meningitis?

A

stiff, rigid

52
Q

Can meningitis cause seizures?

A

YES

53
Q

What will the CSF of a patient with bacterial meningitis look like?

A
  • cloudy
  • decreased glucose
  • positive gram stain
  • increased WBC’s and protein
54
Q

What will CSF of a patient with viral meningitis look like?

A
  • clear
  • negative gram stain
  • increased WBC’s and protein
55
Q

What isolation precautions should be used for meningitis?

A

droplet

56
Q

How long does a patient with bacterial meningitis have to be isolated?

A

at least 24 hours

57
Q

Is meningitis a reportable disease?

A

yes

58
Q

What type of meningitis needs antibiotics?

A

bacterial

59
Q

What vaccines should be given for meningitis?

A
  • Hib
  • pneumonia (PPSV 13 or 23)
  • meningococcal (MCV 4)
60
Q

Which side of the brain causes aphasia, agnosia, alexia, agraphia, apraxia, dysarthria, and dysphagia?

A

left

61
Q

Which side of the body is weak/paralyzed after a left-sided stroke?

A

right

62
Q

Which side of the brain causes unilateral neglect?

A

right

63
Q

Which side of the brain causes depression, anger/frustration?

A

left

64
Q

Which side of the brain causes overestimation of abilities, loss of depth perception, and poor impulse control/judgment?

A

right

65
Q

Which side of the body is weak/paralyzed after a right-sided stroke?

A

left

66
Q

What are important to know about a patient with hemorrhagic stroke?

A
  • a-fib
  • blood thinner use
  • time the s/sx started
67
Q

How should you communicate with someone after a stroke?

A
  • short phrases
  • gestures/pointing
  • no distraction
  • patience
  • repetition
  • one question at a time
  • communication board
68
Q

What diet should someone be on after a stroke until their speech path is clear?

A

NPO

69
Q

What infant reflex returns if there is a brain tumor?

A

babinski

70
Q

What is papilledema and when does it happen?

A

optic nerve swelling that occurs with brain tumors

71
Q

Brain tumors can cause the inability to discriminate sounds, loss of gag reflex, and loss of blink response. What are these examples of?

A

cranial nerve dysfunction

72
Q

What are s/sx of brain tumors?

A
  • HA
  • dysarthria
  • dysphagia
  • vertigo
  • hemiparesis
  • papilledema
73
Q

What should be stopped before surgery for brain tumors?

A
  • 72 hours before: aspirin
  • 5 days before: alcohol, tobacco, anticoagulants, NSAIDS
74
Q

What does a CT tell you about a brain tumor?

A
  • size
  • location
  • extent
75
Q

What labs should be monitored with brain tumors?

A
  • electrolytes
  • renal function
  • endocrine function
76
Q

What causes SIADH?

A

overproduction of ADH due to damaged hypothalamus

77
Q

What does the overproduction of ADH cause?

A

fluid retention

78
Q

What medication can be given for SIADH?

A

conivaptan (vasopressin antagonist)

79
Q

What happens of SIADH goes untreated?

A

seizures, coma

80
Q

What can cause diabetes insipidus?

A
  • supratentorial surgery, craniotomy
  • ADH deficiency
81
Q

What does ADH deficiency cause?

A

increased urine excretion

82
Q

How is diabetes insipidus treated?

A
  • fluid replacement
  • electrolyte replacement
83
Q

What intracranial disorder can have photophobia?

A

meningitis

Level 3 (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions