Families

Question 1

March of Progress view (Couples)

Answer 1

The ‘new man’ means couples have an equal share of housework and childcare.

Question 2

Willmott and Young (Couples) 1973

Answer 2

• Suggested family was becoming more symmetrical by the end of the modern age.
• Shared leisure time, childcare responsibilities and domestic labour
• Contrast to earlier research by Bott and Parsons - segregated conjugal roles.

Question 3

Triple shift (Couples)

Answer 3

(Duncombe and Marsden)

Women have paid work, domestic work, emotional work

Question 4

Decision making (Couples)

Answer 4

Men have power decision making because they earn more

Question 5

Parsons (Couples)

Answer 5

Domestic division of labor

Expressive & Instrumental roles

Question 6

Fran Ansley (Couples)

Answer 6

Women are the ‘takers of shit’

Question 7

What are conjugal roles (Couples)?

Answer 7

The roles taken on by males & females in a relationship

Can be segregated or joint/integrated

Question 8

Postman (Childhood)

Answer 8

Childhood is disappearing, e.g. TV blurs information hierarchy

Question 9

Aries (Childhood)

Answer 9

Middle ages, children were mini adults

Question 10

March of Progress view (Childhood)

Answer 10

Has gotten better, removing child labour laws eg

Question 11

Murdock (Theories)

Answer 11

4 theories of the family:

• Socialisation of young
• Sex drive
• Reproduction of next-gen.
• Economic satisfaction

Question 12

Parsons (Theories)

Answer 12

The nuclear family had to evolve to be geographically mobile.

• Primary socialization of young
• Stabilisation of adult personalities

Question 13

Marxist Feminists (Theories)

Answer 13

Capitalism is the main form of women’s oppression in the family.
Women are ‘takers of shit’

Question 14

Personal Life Perspective (Theories)

Answer 14

Interactionalist approach

Relationships give a sense of identity

Question 15

__% of marriages end in divorce (Changing family patterns)

Answer 15

over 40%

Question 16

Fletcher (Changing family patterns)

Answer 16

The rising expectation of marriage through movies -> Dissatisfaction.

Question 17

Individualization Thesis (Changing family patterns)

Answer 17

Traditional family roles have lost hold over people

Question 18

Chester (Family diversity)

Answer 18

The nuclear family remains dominant, although there has been an increase in diversity
Conventional family -> Neo-conventional

Question 19

Parsons (Family diversity)

Answer 19

Rejects diversity and believes nuclear family is the only family functional for society.

Question 20

New Right (Family diversity)

Answer 20

Agrees with Parsons that the nuclear family is best

- the lone parent family type leads to delinquency.

Question 21

Rapoports & Rapoports (Family diversity)

Answer 21

Diversity = positive
5 types of diversity e.g.
Organizational, Cultural, Life-stage, Social class & Generational

Question 22

Oakley - Conventional Family (Couples)

Answer 22

• Despite improvements for women in the workplace they are still expected to perform a number of domestic duties
• Dual Burden: Paid employment & Responsibility for childcare and housework
• Developed by Duncombe and Marsden- ‘Triple shift’ - emotional, childcare & housework and paid employment

Question 23

A Movement towards equality? (Couples) (4)

Answer 23

• Gershunny (2000) - there has been a movement towards equality but men still ‘lag’ behind on housework.
• ONS (2016) survey into unpaid labour at home suggested men do 16 hrs/week unpaid labour c.w. women’s 26 hrs/week in partnerships where both partners work.
• Female employment led to decline in unpaid work women are doing - e.g. placing children in childcare
• Food Standards Agency (2007) - Found 77% of women take responsibility for food shopping at home