Education

Question 1

What is material deprivation? (E)

Answer 1

The inability to afford basic resources

Question 2

What is cultural deprivation? (E)

Answer 2

Deficiencies in-home/family backgrounds

Question 3

Examples of cultural deprivation

[3] (E)

Answer 3

Primary Socialisation
Speech codes
Lack of cultural capital

Question 4

Examples of material deprivation

[3] (E)

Answer 4

Overcrowding
Lack of heating
Poor nutrition -> Illness -> Absence (Howard)

Question 5

Bernstein (E)

Answer 5

Speech codes - restricted & eleborate

Disadvantages WC

Question 6

Douglas (E)

Answer 6

Parents education -> may undervalue education

Question 7

Sugarmann (E)

Answer 7

4 aspects as barriers to achievement:

Fatalism, Collectivism, Immediate gratification, Present time orientation

Question 8

Bourdieu (E)

Answer 8

Cultural capital -> MC better equipped

Question 9

What are internal factors? (E)

Answer 9

Factors inside the school environment hindering achievement

Question 10

Internal factors of educational difference (E 1/2)

Answer 10

Labelling
Streaming
Subcultures 
Pupil Identities
Self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 11

Becker (E)

Answer 11

Teachers label how close student is to ‘ideal pupil’

Question 12

Rosenthal and Jacobson (E)

Answer 12

Self-fulfilling prophecy- students labelled as spurters had significant growth

Question 13

Gillborn and Youdell (E)

Answer 13

Teachers labelling working-class students as unintelligent -> resulted in lower sets/streams

Question 14

Polarisation

Lacey

Answer 14

When pupils respond to a streaming by moving to a pro/anti-school subculture.

Question 15

Differentiation

Lacey

Answer 15

Those placed in higher streams gain higher status

Question 16

Pupil Identities (E)

Answer 16

Pupils invest in ‘Nike identities, self-exclusion from education because it does not fit their identity

Question 17

Ethnic statistics - who achieves best?

Answer 17

Chinese & White Middle-Class pupils

Question 18

Ethnic statistics - who achieves worst?

Answer 18

Black Caribbean & Gypsy Roma

Question 19

Linguistic skills - Ethnic

Answer 19

Bereiter and Engelmann - Black Caribbean language impractical and disjointed.

Question 20

Family Structure - Ethnic

Answer 20

Many Black Caribbean lone-parent families - lack of male role model.

Question 21

Fuller

Answer 21

High achieving black girls rejected teachers’ stereotypes.

Question 22

Ethnocentric Curriculum

Answer 22

Troyna and Williams
English curriculum priorities white culture + English holidays + language.
Ball: ‘little Englandism’

Question 23

Impact of Feminism

Answer 23

Girls changing priorities from the 70s-90s, more career dominated & independent now.

Question 24

GIST programs

Answer 24

Encouraging girls to study science and technology.

Question 25

Role models - gender

Answer 25

More female teachers (only 1/6 primary school = male) | Feminization of education.

Question 26

Swann

Answer 26

Girls get more positive feedback.

Question 27

'Male identity crisis'

Answer 27

A decline in manual labour, less motivation to get qualifications. Coursework = bad for boys 'Laddish' - boys have to be masculine

Question 28

'Bedroom culture'

Answer 28

Girls bedroom culture encourages language and communication skills + homework.

Question 29

Parsons

Answer 29

``` Education = meritocratic Education = agent of socialisation ```

Question 30

Davis & Moore

Answer 30

Education = role allocation for jobs

Question 31

Durkheim

Answer 31

Schools act as a miniature society - Social solidarity - Specialist schools

Question 32

Bowles and Gintis

Answer 32

Meritocracy = myth | Hidden curriculum in schools

Question 33

Althusser

Answer 33

Education reproduces and legitimizes inequalities

Question 34

What is Marketisation

Answer 34

Increasing the amount of competition between schools in the British education system

Question 35

Examples of marketisation in schools

Answer 35

- League Tables - OFSTED - Parentocracy - 1988 Education Act

Question 36

Evaluation of marketisation

Answer 36

- Ball: M/C parents are 'skilled choosers' able to use economic capital and social networks to decide adequate schools - W/C parents = 'disconnected choosers' - no real choice, have to send children to local schools - Schools place more effort into those who will achieve A-C grades - others labeled as hopeless - 'Cream-skimming' only choosing best

Question 37

What is the Tripartite system?

Answer 37

- Established by 1944 Butler Act - Grammar Schools, Secondary Modern & Technical Schools - Children had to take 11+ test - secondary modern schools were inferior

Question 38

How has the education system become globalised?

Answer 38

- Performance rankings, allowing for International comparison between education systems - PISA rankings & TIMSS - Governments look to other education systems to improve their own

Question 39

Examples of globalisation policies in education + Criticisms

Answer 39

- Variety of schools - free schools [Scandinavian], academies - Skills for a global marketplace- national literacy and numeracy strategy - Raising standards for teachers - University entrance for overseas students - Doesn't recognize cultural differences between education - Limited range of subjects monitored - Validity and reliability of testing is questionable