Fabrics And Fibres Flashcards
Continuous filaments
Very long fibres
Fibres
Fine hair-like structures and is used to make yarn
Staple fibres
Short fibres
Yarn
Twisted fibres used to make fabrics
Classifying fibres
Natural fibres and manufactured fibres
Natural fibres and examples
Come from nature they are plant sources or animal sources e.g cotton, wool, silk, linen
Manufactured fibres and examples
Created from a mixture of raw materials e.g synthetic and regenerated fibres
Cotton
It grows in hot moist climates, mainly produced in China, USA and India most common used natural fibre
Production of cotton
The bolls are picked by hand or machine The fibres are separated from the seeds Fibres are pressed into bales Cotton is graded according to length Fibres are combed and spun into yarn
Desirable properties of cotton (5)
Absorbent Doesn't cling Cool Strong Easy to wash Easy to dye and bleach
Undesirable properties of cotton
Creases Not stretchy Burns easily Shrinks Damaged by mildew
Fabrics of cotton (5)
Flannelette Muslim Towelling. Denim Poplin Lawn Cotton Gingham
Uses of cotton (7)
Clothes. Jackets
Jeans. Trousers
Sweatshirts. Dresses
Shirts. Baby clothes
T-shirts. Nightwear
Underwear. Towels
Linen
Grows from flax plant, from cool damp climates e.gIreland, Belgium, Russia, France
Production of linen
Flax grows a metre high stems pulled by the root
The stems are soaked for weeks (retting)
Fibres are separated from the woody parts
Fibres are combed and spun into yarn
Long fibres are produced in fine yarn
Short fobres are made in coarse yarn
Desirable properties of linen (5)
Absorbent Cool Strong Hardwearing Easily washed Doesn't attract dirt easily
Undesirable properties of linen
Creases easily Burns easily Shrinks Damaged by mildew Difficult to dye
Fabrics of linen
Damask
Canvas
Cambric
Uses of linen
Suits, dresses, shirts, tablecloths, napkins
Wool
Most common animal fibre, soft hair from sheep, produced in UK, New Zealand, USA, Ireland
Production of wool
fleece is removed from the sheep,
Graded by fineness, colour, length,
It’s cleanded and combed
Spun and into yarn
Desirable properties of wool
Warm, soft, absorbent, stretchy, resilient
Undesirable properties of wool(5)
Shrinks, feels itchy, pills, easily scorched, damaged by moths, doesn’t dry easily,
Fabrics of wool(5)
Flannel, tweed, jersey, serge, velour, gabardine, crêpe
Silk
Made since ancient times, made by silkworms, made in Japan, China,
Production of silk
Made by silkworms, silkmoths lay eggs,
new worms eat leaves from mulberry trees
They spin cocoons of silk, heated and soaked and threads removed
Threads are wound onto reels and spun into thicker yarn
Desirable properties of silk (5)
Absorbent, lightweight yet warm, strong, smooth, drapes well, crease resistance
Undesirable properties of silk
Flammables, damaged by careless handling, damaged by moths, damaged by chemicals
Uses of wool
Jumpers, coats, blankets, rugs, suits, upholstered
Fabrics of silk
Wild silk, slub silk, chiffon, satin, taffeta, organza
Uses of silk
Shirts, scarves, curtains, cushions, ties, evening wear
Regenerated fibres
This contains cellulose from plants such as wood, seawood and cotton waste
Production of regenerated fibres
The cellulose from plants is pulped and mixed from chemicals
It’s made into a thick liquid
It’s forced through a spinneret to make yarn
Yarn is twisted and cut
Desirable properties of regenerated fibres
Absorbent
Easy to dye
Cool
Undesirable properties of regenerated fibres
Crease easily not very durable
Fabrics of regenerated fibres
Viscose
Acetate
Tencel
Uses of regenerated fibres
Lightweight clothes
Tablecloths
Napkins
Curtains
Production of synthetic fibres
Chemicals from petroleum are mixed to produce thick liquid
The liquid is forced through a spinneret
Continuos filaments make smooth yarn
Fibres can be cut into staple fibres
Desirable properties of synthetic fibres
Strong Elastic Durable Stretchy Crease resistance
Undesirable properties of synthetic fibres
Doesn’t absorb moisture
Clingy
Flammable
Cause static
Fabrics of synthetic fibres
Nylon Polyester PVC Acrylic(dralon) Elastane(lycra)
Uses of synthetic fibres
Nylon:tights Polyester:shirts Acrylic:jumper PVC:handbags Elastane:swimwear
Blended fabrics
To make more desirable properties e.g polycottone
Spinning yarn
The process of of twisting fibres into yarn, it gives strength
Weaving
The interlacing of yarns at the right angles to each other tweed and denim are examples
The warp
The strong thread, runs in the direction of the length of the fabric
The weft
The weaker thread, runs in the direction of the width of the fabric
The straight grain
The direction of the warp
The bias
The diagonal line of a fabric
Knitting
Linking together loops of yarn into knots called stiches knitted products are jumpers, sock, tights, tracksuit and pants
Advantages of knitted fabrics
Stretchy, comfortable, warm, crease resistance
Non-woven fabrics or bonded fabrics
They are made directly from fibres without being made into yarn, fobres are held together by using adhesive, heat, pressure or stitching
Examples of non woven fabrics
Disposable cloths, masks, snooker tables, tennis balls and nappies
Advantages of non woven fabrics
Does not fray, cheap to produce, keeps their shape well, economical to use beacuse there is no straight grain
