Cereals Flashcards
What is in the structure of cereal grains
Bran, Endosperm, Germ
What are cereals
They are seeds or grains of edible grass plants
Describe the bran
It’s the outer of the cereals that can be lost during processing
What vitamins does the bran contain
Fibre, iron and vitamin b
Describe the endosperm
The larger inner part
What does the endosperm contain?
Staech and a protein called gluten
What is the name of the disease for people who are gluten tolerant
Coeliac disease
Describe the germ in the structure of cereal grain
The smaller part in the centre
What nutrients does the germ contain?
Protein, fat and vitamin b
What is protein used for in cereals?
For growth
What is fat used for in cereals
A bit if unsaturated fat is used for heat, energy and insulation
What is carbohydrates used for in cereals?
The main nutrient, used for heat, energy and digestion
What does carbohydrates presence form?
They form starch and fibre
What is vitamin B used for in cereals?
For healthy nerves and release of energy
When is vitamin B present in cereals?
When the cereals are unprocessed
What is the use of iron, calcium and phosphorus in cereals?
For healthy blood, bones and teeth
How much water is in cereal?
The content is low
What percentage of protein is in cereal?
7-15%
What is the percentage of fat in cereals?
2-7%
What is the percentage of carbohydrates in cereals?
70-77%
What percentage of the vitamin b group is in cereals
0.5%
What percentage of the minerals calcium and iron in cereal?
1%
What percentage of water is in cereal?
12%
What is pre cooked rice?
Rice fully cooked and then dehydrated, its quick and easy to cook
What happens when cereals are cooked?
Starch becomes more digestable, starch grains swell and burst, the grains absorbs the liquid
How is flour made?
By grinding cereals such as wheat, rice, oats, rye and maize
What is flour made from in ireland
Wheat
What is the function of gluten?
When the flour gets wet the gluten becomes elastic, letting the dough to become very stretchy so it rises well
What is wholemeal flour and what does it do?
It contains the whole of the grain and nothing is added or taken away it’s used for wholemeal bread, pastry, scones and rolls
What is brown flour and what is it used for?
Some of the bran and germ was removed during milling and it’s used for brown bread, rolls and pastry
What is white flour and what is it used for?
The bran and germ is removed
Made up of starchy endosperm
Used make white flour, pastry and cakes
Thickens soups and sauces
What is self raising flour and what is it used for?
Brown or white flour with raising agents it’s used for bread rolls, cakes and biscuits
What is strong flour and what is it used for?
Milled from spring wheat and has high gluten content and is used for making yeast bread and some pastries
What is gluten free flour?
No gluten in it and is used to make bread and biscuits for coeliacs
Name two products made of the cereal wheat?
Wholemeal flour, bread
What is short grain rice?
Short rice that is used in rice pudding and other sweet rice dishes
What is brown rice?
Long grain rice which contains some bran layer it has a nutty flavour and a chewy texture it takes longer to cook than white rice
Name two products made of rice?
Rice krispie, rice cakes
Name two products thatare made of maize?
Tortilla and sweetcorn
Name two products that are made of barley?
Beer, whiskey
Name two products that are made of rye?
Rye flour and rye whiskey
Name two products that are made of oats?
Muesli, porridge
Describe how pasta is made?
Pasta is made of durum wheat, grounded with semolina then mixed with water, the colours can vary by using egg, tomatoes, spinach or wholemeal semolina
When and where was rice discovered?
In the far east nearly 5,000 yes
Where is rice the most important staple food?
In latin america, west indies, asia and the middle east
What is long grain rice and what dishes is it used for?
Used in savoury dishes such as stew, curry it can also be called patna carolina and basmati
What is medium grain rice or risotto rice?
It is short rice that is used in risotto or and dishes where the rice gets moulded
