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Home/Ec > Cereals > Flashcards

Cereals Flashcards

0
Q

What is in the structure of cereal grains

A

Bran, Endosperm, Germ

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1
Q

What are cereals

A

They are seeds or grains of edible grass plants

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2
Q

Describe the bran

A

It’s the outer of the cereals that can be lost during processing

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3
Q

What vitamins does the bran contain

A

Fibre, iron and vitamin b

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4
Q

Describe the endosperm

A

The larger inner part

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5
Q

What does the endosperm contain?

A

Staech and a protein called gluten

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6
Q

What is the name of the disease for people who are gluten tolerant

A

Coeliac disease

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7
Q

Describe the germ in the structure of cereal grain

A

The smaller part in the centre

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8
Q

What nutrients does the germ contain?

A

Protein, fat and vitamin b

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9
Q

What is protein used for in cereals?

A

For growth

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10
Q

What is fat used for in cereals

A

A bit if unsaturated fat is used for heat, energy and insulation

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11
Q

What is carbohydrates used for in cereals?

A

The main nutrient, used for heat, energy and digestion

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12
Q

What does carbohydrates presence form?

A

They form starch and fibre

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13
Q

What is vitamin B used for in cereals?

A

For healthy nerves and release of energy

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14
Q

When is vitamin B present in cereals?

A

When the cereals are unprocessed

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15
Q

What is the use of iron, calcium and phosphorus in cereals?

A

For healthy blood, bones and teeth

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16
Q

How much water is in cereal?

A

The content is low

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17
Q

What percentage of protein is in cereal?

A

7-15%

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18
Q

What is the percentage of fat in cereals?

A

2-7%

19
Q

What is the percentage of carbohydrates in cereals?

A

70-77%

20
Q

What percentage of the vitamin b group is in cereals

A

0.5%

21
Q

What percentage of the minerals calcium and iron in cereal?

A

1%

22
Q

What percentage of water is in cereal?

A

12%

36
Q

What is pre cooked rice?

A

Rice fully cooked and then dehydrated, its quick and easy to cook

37
Q

What happens when cereals are cooked?

A

Starch becomes more digestable, starch grains swell and burst, the grains absorbs the liquid

38
Q

How is flour made?

A

By grinding cereals such as wheat, rice, oats, rye and maize

39
Q

What is flour made from in ireland

A

Wheat

40
Q

What is the function of gluten?

A

When the flour gets wet the gluten becomes elastic, letting the dough to become very stretchy so it rises well

41
Q

What is wholemeal flour and what does it do?

A

It contains the whole of the grain and nothing is added or taken away it’s used for wholemeal bread, pastry, scones and rolls

42
Q

What is brown flour and what is it used for?

A

Some of the bran and germ was removed during milling and it’s used for brown bread, rolls and pastry

43
Q

What is white flour and what is it used for?

A

The bran and germ is removed
Made up of starchy endosperm
Used make white flour, pastry and cakes
Thickens soups and sauces

44
Q

What is self raising flour and what is it used for?

A

Brown or white flour with raising agents it’s used for bread rolls, cakes and biscuits

45
Q

What is strong flour and what is it used for?

A

Milled from spring wheat and has high gluten content and is used for making yeast bread and some pastries

46
Q

What is gluten free flour?

A

No gluten in it and is used to make bread and biscuits for coeliacs

57
Q

Name two products made of the cereal wheat?

A

Wholemeal flour, bread

58
Q

What is short grain rice?

A

Short rice that is used in rice pudding and other sweet rice dishes

59
Q

What is brown rice?

A

Long grain rice which contains some bran layer it has a nutty flavour and a chewy texture it takes longer to cook than white rice

60
Q

Name two products made of rice?

A

Rice krispie, rice cakes

61
Q

Name two products thatare made of maize?

A

Tortilla and sweetcorn

62
Q

Name two products that are made of barley?

A

Beer, whiskey

63
Q

Name two products that are made of rye?

A

Rye flour and rye whiskey

64
Q

Name two products that are made of oats?

A

Muesli, porridge

65
Q

Describe how pasta is made?

A

Pasta is made of durum wheat, grounded with semolina then mixed with water, the colours can vary by using egg, tomatoes, spinach or wholemeal semolina

66
Q

When and where was rice discovered?

A

In the far east nearly 5,000 yes

67
Q

Where is rice the most important staple food?

A

In latin america, west indies, asia and the middle east

68
Q

What is long grain rice and what dishes is it used for?

A

Used in savoury dishes such as stew, curry it can also be called patna carolina and basmati

69
Q

What is medium grain rice or risotto rice?

A

It is short rice that is used in risotto or and dishes where the rice gets moulded

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