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CHEM > experiment 6 > Flashcards

experiment 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are substances that only conduct electricity when dissolved?

A

Electrolytes

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2
Q

What do NON-ELECTROLYTES contain for them not being able to conduct electricty?

A

molecules

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3
Q

Main reason why electrolytes conduct electricity when dissolved

A

dissociation of molecules into ions

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4
Q

UNIQUE electrolytes process

A

conduction of electric current is facilitated by movement of charged species within a covalent compound

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5
Q

What do you call the unique electrolytes that possess this unique ability? (3 ways you can call it)

A

Covalent Electrolytes

Molecular Electrolytes

Non-metallic Electrolytes

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6
Q

2 main categories of electrolytes

+ difference between the two

A

Strong Electrolytes (complete dissociation in water=production of many ions)

Weak Electrolytes (partial dissociation in water=production of few ions)

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7
Q

Examples of Strong & Weak Electrolytes

A

STRONG: strong acids and bases

WEAK: weak acids and bases

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8
Q

Strong Acids Examples (8)

A

HCl
HBr
HI
HNO3
H2SO4
HClO3
HClO4
Sulfonic Acids

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9
Q

Strong Bases Examples (9)

A

Commonly Group 1 & 2 + OH

LiOH
NaOH
KOH
RbOH
CsOH
Ca(OH)2
Sr(OH)2
Ba(OH)2
ammonium hydroxides

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10
Q

Difference in ARROWS used in

COMPLETE dissociation
PARTIAL dissociation

A

COMPLETE: one arrow

PARTIAL: two arrows

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11
Q

Ki vs Ka vs Kb

A

Ki: concentration of water in dilute solutions

Ka: ionization in acids

Kb: ionization in bases

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12
Q

_____ of ions determines conductivity

+ how can you measure this?

A

concentration

conductivity measurements

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13
Q

Conductivity DEFINITION

A

how well solutions allow the flow of electrical charges (ions)

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14
Q

Unit for CONDUCTIVITY

A

Siemens/meter

Siemens/centimeter

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15
Q

Tool used to measure conductivity

A

Pen-type conductivity meter

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16
Q

Molar conductivity DEFINITION

A

Conductivity of solution containing

ONE mole of electrolyte / Liter solution

17
Q

Unite for Molar Conductivity

A

Siemens/meter

Siemens/centimeter

18
Q

After serial dilution, WHAT FORMULA will you use to calculate the final concentration?

A

Dilution Formula

C1V1 = C2V2

19
Q

What is fraction dissociation?

A
  • measure of the degree to which a weak ACID/BASE dissociates in a solution

OR

  • the fraction of the initial concentration of a weak acid/base that has undergone dissociation
20
Q

Limiting Conductivity Definition

A
  • conductivity of an electrolyte when completely dissociated at infinitely low concentrations
21
Q

Limiting Conductivity represents the ____________ conductivity achievable by an electroly

A

maximum

22
Q

Corrected Experimental Conductivity

Unit
Notation
Formula

A

uS / cm

Λc

Λc = Λof experimental sample - Λdistilled H2O

23
Q

Molar Conductivity

Unit
Notation
Formula

A

uS / (cm * M)

Λm

Λm = (Λc of experimental sample) / (concentration of sample)

24
Q

Fraction dissociation

Unit
Notation
Formula

A

No unit

∝

∝ = (Λm of exp sample) / (Λo of exp sample)

Λo is given

25
Q

what is Λo

A

a constant value different per sample

26
Q

Λo of acetic acid

A

3.955 x 10^5 uS / (cm * M)

27
Q

% dissociation / % ionization

Unit
Formula

A

%

% ionization = ∝ * 100

28
Q

Acetic ACID reaction equation

A

CH3COOH (aq) + H2O (l) -> <- H3O+ (aq) + CH3COO- (aq)

29
Q

ICE Table for ACETIC ACID REACTION

+ how to get value of x

A

I: 0.50 0 0
C: -x +x +x
—————————————————-
E: 0.50 -x x x

x = %ionization * concentration of sample

kasi hinahanap natin amount value ng “NA-DISSOCIATE” na ions ng sample after the reaction took place

30
Q

% error

formula

A

% error = [(Ki experimental - Ki theo) / Ki theo] * 100

31
Q

What is the theoretical Ki of acetic acid

A

1.75 x 10^-5

32
Q

As the concentration of an experimental sample increases, its fraction dissociation ___________________

A

decreases

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