Excretory Systems (8.13)

Question 1

This is the continuous control of water and solute concentrations within an organism. (A part of homeostasis)

Answer 1

osmoregulation

Question 2

Regulation occurs across a ________ __________ (membrane).

Answer 2

transport epithelium

Question 3

mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish

Answer 3

Nephridia

Question 4

annelids

Answer 4

Metanephridia

Question 5

Insects

Answer 5

Malpighian tubules

Question 6

Crustaceans

Answer 6

Green glands

Question 7

Platyhelminthes

Answer 7

flame cells

Question 8

Nephridia, Metanephridia, Malpighian tubules, Green glands, and flame cells are all examples of

Answer 8

transport epithelium

Question 9

transport epithelium help in the removal of ___________ ______. (Ammonia is created from using amino acids for Energy production.)

Answer 9

nitrogenous waste

Question 10

This form requires lots of water to dispose. (Fish and other aquatic invertebrates)

Answer 10

Ammonia

Question 11

This form requires moderate amounts of water in disposal – Good for dry land. (Evolution of Mammals & Amphibians.) This form combines ammonia and carbon dioxide together. (Two waste products as one.)

Answer 11

Urea

Question 12

This form requires very little water. – Good for desert climates. (Evolution of Birds and reptiles.) Ammonia and carbon dioxide in a paste like state. (Car paints? It is an acid… so it destroys them.)

Answer 12

Uric Acid

Question 13

Adaptations for Water Conservation (5)

Answer 13

Keratinized skin (Seen in reptiles, birds, and mammals.)(Related to the formation of PANGEA.)
Exoskeleton (Seen by insects – These were the first animals on land.)
Being nocturnal. (Animals move around at night to avoid possible dehydration by the sun.)(Desert animals.)
Storage cells or vacuoles to store extra water. (Desert animals- camels: plants – central vacuole.)
Waxy Cuticle –Seen on plant leaf surfaces.

Question 14

(This is achieved by the “liquid” portion of blood being separated from the blood cells and platelets.)
The liquid portion now becomes “filtrate” upon leaving the blood vessel.
The collected filtrate is then filtered, to remove nitrogenous waste and other excess molecules.

Answer 14

Filtrate

Question 15

(This is the reabsorbing of “good materials” from the filtrate – leaving “bad” behind.)
Reabsorption collects all or most of the “good materials” and puts them back in the blood.
This leaves behind the “bad materials” to be collected and disposed of in the form of Urine.

Answer 15

Tubular reabsorption

Question 16

Osmoregulation in Mammals – This occurs in the _______. (Your kidneys are a collection of 1 million nephrons per kidney.)

Answer 16

Kidneys

Question 17

This blood vessel brings “polluted” blood into the kidneys.

Answer 17

Renal artery

Question 18

This blood vessel takes “purified” blood away from the kidneys.

Answer 18

Renal Vein

Question 19

This is the outer part of the kidney where the nephrons are located. (Site of urine production.)

Answer 19

Renal Cortex

Question 20

This is the middle part of the kidney. (Site of urine collection from the nephrons.)

Answer 20

Renal Medula

Question 21

These are the structures where blood is actually “purified”.

Answer 21

Nephrons

Question 22

These are where urine is collected from the nephrons.
Tubules converge to create the Renal Pyramids (These are triangular shaped structures in the medulla.) All tubules lead to the Renal Pelvis.

Answer 22

Collection Tubules

Question 23

This is the main collection area (in the center of the kidney) for the collection tubes.

Answer 23

Renal Pelvis

Question 24

These are the extensions (inlets) off the central pelvis that connect to the pyramids.

Answer 24

Calyxs

Question 25

These two tubes take the urine from the kidneys to the bladder for storage until release.

Answer 25

Ureter

Question 26

This is the expandable urine storage organ. (It is composed of transitional epithelium.)

Answer 26

Bladder

Question 27

This is the tube leading from the bladder to outside of body. (It is the urinating tube.) (Urine should be yellowish to clear… it depends on the amount of water to be released.)

Answer 27

Urethra

Question 28

There is too much sugar in the blood; the body is trying to get rid of it in the urine.

Answer 28

Diabetes (means “Sweet Urine”)

Question 29

Condition leads to too much ammonia and bile in the blood causing Jaundice (yellowing) of skin.
1. Most common causes is alcoholism.

Answer 29

Cirrhosis of Liver