Chapter 6: Photosynthesis Study Guide Flashcards
an organism that must get energy from food instead of directly from sunlight or inorganic substances
heterotroph
an organism that uses energy from sunlight or from chemical bonds in inorganic substances to make organic compounds
autotroph
the process of converting light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds primarily carbohydrates.
photosynthesis
Photosynthesis equation
6CO2 + 6H20 –> C6H12O6 + 6O2
–> = light energy
The 2 stages of photosynthesis
Light reactions and the Calvin Cycle
Where do the light reactions occur?
The thylakoid membrane
Where does the Calvin Cycle occur?
The stroma of the chloroplast
organelles found in plants and algae where photosynthesis occurs
chloroplast
a stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast
granum
in plants, the solution that surrounds the thylakoids in a chloroplast
stroma
a membrane system found within chloroplasts that contain the components for photosynthesis
thylakoids
a compound that absorbs light
pigment
The pigments found within thylakoids are __________ and ____________.
chlorophylls and carotenoids
What colors of light does chlorophyll absorb?
red and blue
What color of light does chlorophyll reflect?
green
What colors of light do carotenoids absorb?
yellow, orange, and brown
Where do light reactions occur?
in the thylakoids
a cluster of pigment molecules and the proteins that the pigment molecules are embedded in
photosystem
As electrons move down the electron transport chain they ____ ______.
lose energy
The energy the electrons lose as they move down the electron transport chain is used to move ________ (H+) into the _________.
protons, thylakoid
The electrons are replaced by electrons that have passed through the electron transport chain from ____________ ___.
photosystem II
Products of the light reactions
NADPH and ATP
Where do the NADPH and ATP produced in the light reactions go?
They go to the Calvin Cycle to be used for energy.
as electrons travel along the electron transport chain, protons move into the thylakoid and build up a concentration gradient. The movement of protons and through ATP synthase results in the synthesis of ATP.
chemiosmosis
a series of enzyme-assisted chemical reactions that produces a three-carbon sugar
Calvin Cycle
What is produced by the Calvin Cycle?
3 RuBP molecules
Leaves take in and release CO2 and release O2 through their ________.
stomata
the many openings in a leaf or a stem of a plant that enable gas exchange to occur
stomata
Factors that affect photosynthesis
light intensity, level of CO2, and temperature
