Circulatory and Respiratory Systems (8.11) – Part 1 and Part 2

Question 1

Responsible for connecting all the cells of the whole organism. It distributes nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and functions in waste retrieval.

Answer 1

Circulatory System

Question 2

Evolution of the Circulatory system:

It started with a _________ Cavity. (As seen in Cnidarians and Platyhelminthes.)

Answer 2

Gastrovascular

Question 3

Blood bathes the organs by moving through sinuses (spaces).
The system has a tubular heart with directional arteries to distribute blood.
Seen in Arthropods and some Mollusks.

Answer 3

Open Circulatory System

Question 4

Blood is confined to traveling through blood vessels under pressure.
A muscular chambered heart mostly (Not in annelids.)(2,3,4 chambers)
Found in Annelids, some mollusks, vertebrates

Answer 4

Closed Circulatory System

Question 5

These chambers receive blood coming into the heart.

They are composed of a thin layer muscle tissue.

Answer 5

Atriums

Question 6

These chambers pump blood away from the heart.

They are composed of a thick layer of muscle tissue.

Answer 6

Ventricles

Question 7

Mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians have a ______ _____ system.
One loop for getting oxygen; one loop for delivering oxygen.

Answer 7

Double loop

Question 8

_____ vascular system (Echinodermata) (Madreporite, Tube feet, canals are the parts.)

Answer 8

Water

Question 9

These are large blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart.

Answer 9

Arteries

Question 10

These are medium sized vessels carrying blood away from the heart.

Answer 10

Arterioles

Question 11

These are the smallest blood vessels where nutrients and oxygen diffuse out.

Answer 11

Capillaries

Question 12

These are small blood vessels that collect waste materials from the tissues.

Answer 12

Venules

Question 13

These are large blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart.

Answer 13

Veins

Question 14

The blood mainly is in the digestive organs.

Answer 14

During Digestion of Food

Question 15

The blood is mostly in the muscles and skin; not the digestive organs.

Answer 15

During Exercise

Question 16

These are red blood cells-RBC’s (“erythro” means “red”; “cyte” means “cell”)

Answer 16

Erythrocytes

Question 17

______ uses iron (Fe) to hold oxygen. (“heme” means “iron”)

Each RBC can hold 1 billion oxygen molecules.

Answer 17

Hemoglobin

Question 18

These are white blood cells – WBC’s (“leuko” means “white”)

They protect our bodies against invading organisms or materials.

Answer 18

Leukocytes

Question 19

These are pieces of RBC’s used for making clots.

Answer 19

Platelets

Question 20

These are for gas exchange with the environment.

Answer 20

Respiratory Systems

Question 21

(Oxygen in and Carbon dioxide out.)

Oxygen is need for cellular respiration; Carbon dioxide is the waste product of cellular respiration.

Answer 21

Gas Exchange

Question 22

This term refers to where the oxygen molecules are located. It is either water or air.

Answer 22

Respiratory Medium

Question 23

This term refers to where the gas exchange occurs.

Answer 23

Respiratory Surface

Question 24

Diffusion must occur across a ______ surface. Gases do not diffuse across dry surfaces.

Answer 24

wet

Question 25

A large surface area is needed to get large amounts of gas exchange to occur. ______ in the surface increases surface area within a small space.

Answer 25

Folds

Question 26

Gills, Lungs, Tracheal tubes, Skin, membranes are all ________ surfaces.

Answer 26

respiratory

Question 27

Works with the circulatory system ( That is why they are always located together.)

Answer 27

Respiratory system

Question 28

Mammalian Respiratory system is located in the ________ Cavity (Chest)

Answer 28

Thoracic

Question 29

These cavities warm, moisten, and clean the air using mucous and hairs.

Answer 29

Nostrils and Naval Cavity

Question 30

This is the back of mouth

Answer 30

Pharynx

Question 31

This is the top of trachea

Answer 31

Larynx

Question 32

This muscular flap covers the trachea by bending over the opening.

Answer 32

Epiglottis

Question 33

These vibrate to make sounds. (You can only talk while

exhaling because the moving air is causing the vibration by “catching” the wind, much like a parachute catches air.)

Answer 33

True and False Vocal Cords

Question 34

A.K.A. windpipe) It is protected by C- shaped cartilage rods on the front side.

Answer 34

Trachea

Question 35

(There is one for each lung.) Cartilage keeps them open for air to travel through.

Answer 35

Bronchi

Question 36

These carry air into each lobe of each lung.

Answer 36

Bronchioles

Question 37

This is an inflammation of the air ways.

Answer 37

Bronchitis

Question 38

This condition is having trouble breathing due to airways swelling shut.

Answer 38

Asthma

Question 39

means “air sacs” This is the site of gas exchange by diffusion. (If it is a wet surface.) They are only one cell layer thick which allows for rapid diffusion of gases. They are surrounded by capillary beds. (This makes it 2 cell layers thick. It leads to rapid diffusion in and out.) WBCs that keep these areas clean. (Smoking? Kills the WBCs.)

Answer 39

Alveoli