Basic Anatomy and Physiology (8.8) Flashcards
the study of structure
anatomy
the study of function
physiology
the basic unit of life
cell
these are composed from cells with common structure and function (4 types in most animals)
tissues
this tissue forms protective coverings of structures such as organs, cavities, and skin. They act as a barrier for various molecules. This tissue relies heavily on the cell junctions to function.
epithelial tissue
this tissue is for binding together and supporting the other tissues of the body
connective tissue
What are the 6 types of connective tissue?
Loose connective tissue, adipose tissue, fibrous connective tissue, cartilage, bone, blood tissue
this is the most abundant connective tissue. It basically acts as “filler material”
loose connective tissue
fat cells, these are for: insulation, E storage, and padding
adipose tissue
these are composed of dense collagenous fibers
fibrous connective tissue
type of fibrous connective tissue that is for connecting bone to bone
ligaments
type of fibrous connective tissue for connecting bone with muscle
tendons
this is a flexible support material. This is the initial framework for making bone
cartilage
Osteo Tissues, this is made from cartilage that has undergone ossification
Bones
the process of making bone
ossification
this tissue connects the whole organism transporting genes, nutrients, wastes
blood tissue
type of blood tissue, the watery component containing dissolved substances
plasma
type of blood tissue, the cellular components- RBC’s, WBC’s, and platlets
hematocrit
means “red”
Erytho
means white
leuko
means cell
cyte
this tissue senses stimuli and relay messages
nervous tissue
the basic structure of nervous tissue
neurons
this part of the cell receives stimulus from the environment or another cell (neuron)
dendrites
this part collects and bundles the stimuli into one message (contains the organelles) (neuron)
body
this part takes the information away from the body toward the brain/muscle/gland. (neuron)
axon
this tissue provides a pulling force within the body
muscle tissue
cells of the muscle tissue are referred to as _______ ______ due to their long spindly shape.
muscle fibers
Muscle fibers are composed of _______ and ______ __________.
actin, myosin microfibrils
Muscle tissue is the second largest consumer of ______ in animals. (first is homeostasis)
energy
The three types of muscle tissue
skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
this is striated (stripped) muscle. It is voluntary meaning you can control it
skeletal
this is striated muscle. It is involuntary meaning the brain controls it, not you.
cardiac
this is unstriated muscle. It is involuntary and it functions in peristalsis
smooth
rhythmic contraction of the digestive tract or in moving blood through blood vessels
peristalsis
this functional structure is a collection of similar tissues working together
organs
The two cavities organs are positioned in
thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity
this is above the diaphragm. It contains the heart and lungs and is protected by ribs
thoracic cavity
this is below the diaphragm. It contains the digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs
abdominal cavity
these are composed of organs working together (there are 11 systems in animals)
organ systems
this is when all the organ systems are working together to create a multi-cellular organism (great example of emergent properties)
organism
