Exam 8

Question 1

Question 1:
Answer questions 1-54 according to Chief Dunn’s book “Collapse of Burning Buildings” 2nd Edition. In his book, Chief Dunn discusses 4 factors that will increase the number of burning building collapses. Which choice below is not listed as one of the 4 factors?

A: Abandonment

B: Age of Buidings

C: Use of lightweight materials

D: Elimination of masonry walls

Answer 1

D
Explanation:
D-Faulty Renovations
A-buildings deteriorate due to exposure to weather conditions
B-buildings have a life span of 75-100 years
C- lightweight wood trusses, sheet metal, C-beams, wooden I beams, open bar steel joists, collapse more quickly.

Question 2

Question 2:
Examples of a structural collapse as a result from fire include all of the following except?
A: A section of cornice falling to the ground after being struck by a TL stream
B: Bricks falling to the ground
C: Building windows failing and falling to the ground
D: Interior doors failing and falling to the floor

Answer 2

A
Explanation:
A-the section of cornice fell due to the TL stream
also Dunn claims that windows that are heated and fail from the fire are considered a structural collapse
Dunn also claims that when any part of a building falls, no matter how small, as a result from fire is considered a structural collapse
Remember, as a result from the fire
Chapter 1

Question 3

Question 3:
There are 4 parts of a building that are most likely to collapse and kill firefighters. Select in descending order from highest to lowest that will kill firefighters the most when involved in a collapse.
A: Ceilings, Floors, Walls, Roofs
B: Walls, Ceilings, Roofs, Floors
C: Floors, Roofs, Walls, Ceilings
D: Floors, Ceilings, Walls, Roofs

Answer 3

C
Explanation:
Acronym….Five Rats Will Climb
Chapter 1

Question 4

Question 4:
Chief Dunn has added several definitions to his new book. From the choices listed below select the incorrect definition.
A: Progressive Collapse is the initial structural failure that spreads from structural element to structural element resulting in a collapse of the entire structure or a disproportionately large part of it
B: Demising Wall is a bearing wall that extends from a floor slab to the floor slab above
C: Gravity Load is a combination of dead load and live load
D: Corner Safe areas are the 4 flanking zones around a burning building

Answer 4

B
Explanation:
Demising Wall is a partition wall
chapter 2

Question 5

Question 5:
There are 3 ways a load can be imposed upon a supporting structural element, which include Axial, Eccentric, and Torsional. From the following choices listed below choose the correct load definition

A: Torsional load is a load that passes through the center of a structure

B: Axial load is a load that creates a twisting stress on a structural member

C: Eccentric load is when a load is transmitted off-center or unevenly through a structural member

D: Torsional load is a load that passes unevenly through a structural member

Answer 5

C
Explanation:
A- Torsional load is when a load that creates a twisting stress on a structural member
B- Axial load is a load that passes through the center of a structure
D- Torsional load is when a load that creates a twisting stress on a structural member
Chapter 2

Question 6

Question 6:
During the overhaul stage of a fire, firefighters sometimes are requested to throw charred objects out of a window in an effort to complete the overhaul stage. From the choices listed below choose the incorrect procedure in which this is done
A: Obtain permission from the fire floor chief
B: Notify or assign a firefighter outside the building to clear the area of civilians and act as a safety guard
C: After the area is clear, the FF acting as a guard signals when to throw the smoldering objects
D: When all objects have been discarded out of the window, notify the FF who has been assigned as a safety guard

Answer 6

A
Explanation:
Obtain permission from the IC
Chapter 1

Question 7

Question 7:
There are three ways a masonry exterior building wall can collapse such as 90 degree wall collapse, curtain wall collapse, and inward-outward collapse. Which of the following is the most common to collapse during a fire

A: 90 degree wall collapse

B: Curtain wall collapse

C: Inward-outward wall collapse

D: Out-inward wall collapse

Answer 7

A
Explanation:
This type falls straight out and the top of the collapsing wall strikes the ground a distance equal to the height of the falling section measured from the base of the wall
Bricks and steel lintels may bounce or roll out even further
Chapter 4

Question 8

Question 8:
Before leaving the scene of a fire in a building built of ordinary construction (Brick and Joist) what must you order a firefighter to do if fire was discovered in a concealed space?
A: Check the cockloft space above the top floor for fire
B: Check the cellar for fire
C: Check the soffits for fire
D: Check the nearby walls and other concealed spaces for fire

Answer 8

A
Explanation:
Choice D is done as soon as possible after the fire is extinguished
Chapter 3

Question 9

Question 9:
The major collapse hazard in wood frame construction is the combustible bearing walls composed of 2x4 inch studs. Which is also correct when it comes to wood frame construction
A: The front and rear walls are usually bearing walls
B: Flames coming out several window openings of a front bearing wall should be treated with more caution than the flames coming out of several windows of the side non bearing walls
C: Fire burning through or against a front wall is more likely to collapse the building than fire burning through several floors or roof
D: Failure of a bearing wall will trigger simultaneous failure of the floors and roof

Answer 9

D
Explanation:
A- two side walls
B- side bearing wall, front non bearing walls
C- side wall
Chapter 3

Question 10

Question 10:
Dunn uses the word facade as a general term for the front of the building, and may include a parapet wall, a marquee, a canopy, and a cornice. Which of the following contributes to the spread of fire
A: Cornice
B: Canopy
C: Marquee
D: Parapet

Answer 10

A
Explanation:
A- FFs should be concerned with horizontal spread from one end of the building to the other via the cornice
B- the canopy has many connection points and has a greater chance of collapse than a marquee. The most dangerous canopy is a metal or wood shed suspended over a truck loading area covered with tar paper
C- the marquee beam goes through a parapet wall and is connected to roof or floor beams behind the façade
D- a parapet wall often supports a marquee, canopy, or cornice. This is an unstable structure supporting an unstable structure
Ch 4

Question 11

Question 11:
Which best describes the general rule for establishing a collapse zone for the collapse of a masonry wall
A: Equal to the height of the wall and may be increased to 1 ½ or twice the height of the wall if a truss roof triggers the wall collapse, an explosion triggers the wall collapse, or if ordered by the IC
B: Equal to the height of the wall and may be increased to two to three times the height of the wall if a truss roof triggers the wall collapse, an explosion triggers the wall collapse, or if ordered by the IC
C: Equal to the half of height of the wall and may be increased to the full height of the wall if a truss roof triggers the wall collapse, an explosion triggers the wall collapse, or if ordered by the IC
D: Equal to the height of the wall and may be increased to 1 ½ or twice the height of the wall if a truss roof triggers the wall collapse, an explosion triggers the wall collapse, or if ordered by the Safety Chief

Answer 11

A
Explanation:
In choice D, its the IC Excellent BC question
Chapter 4

Question 12

Question 12:
Dunn describes a parapet wall as the continuation of an exterior wall, a fire wall, or a party wall above the roof. Select the choice that Dunn claims to be the most dangerous type of parapet wall.
A: A parapet wall that is constructed as the front wall of a 2 story structure above several large windows
B: A parapet wall that is constructed as the front wall of a 1 story structure above several large windows
C: A parapet wall that is constructed as the front wall of a 1 story structure above one large window
D: A parapet wall that is constructed as the side wall of a 1 story structure above several large windows

Answer 12

B
Explanation:
This type of parapet is supported on top of a steel I-beam, which acts as a lintel spanning the big windows below
Chapter 5

Question 13

Question 13:
When does a parapet wall often collapse?
A: During the incipient/growth stage
B: During the fully developed/free burning stage
C: During the overhaul stage
D: When a back-draft occurs

Answer 13

C
Explanation:
After the structure has been weakened and partially destroyed by fire and large caliber streams
Chapter 5

Question 14

Question 14:
If signs of structural failure exist during a fire, all firefighters including officers and chiefs are responsible for reporting this potentially dangerous situation. Choose the incorrect action to be taken when signs of structural failure exist
A: Firefighters should report any condition that might indicate failure to their officer
B: The officer must first act to safeguard the firefighters then notify the IC
C: Upon notification, the officer after safeguarding the firefighters must notify the safety chief

Answer 14

C
Explanation:
Notify the IC
Chapter 5

Question 15

Question 15:
In chapter 6  Dunn discusses the seriousness of a floor collapse that depends upon the first structure to fail such as a column, girder, or beam. Which structural element will have more dire consequences than the others upon failure during a fire  
A: Column
B: Beam
C: Girder
D: Tail beam

Answer 15

A
Explanation:
Column failure will have more consequences than if a girder fails. A girder collapse will have more serious consequences than a beam
Column, Girder, Beam
Chapter 6

Question 16

Question 16:
Which is the most dangerous time for a wood floor to collapse

A: During the growth stage

B: During the free burning stage

C: During the decay stage

D: Anytime during a fire

Answer 16

C
Explanation:
Dunn also says at the end of a fire, after the fire has been extinguished. Don’t get this confused with modern and renovated buildings using lightweight construction. In this situation Dunn says these floors will collapse during the early stages of fire. Both of these examples are in ch 6

Question 17

Question 17:
There are 3 ways wood floors can collapse during a fire, such as a floor deck collapse, floor beam collapse, and multilevel floor collapse. Which is the most deadliest type?
A: Floor deck collapse
B: Floor beam collapse
C: Multilevel floor collapse
D: All three are deadly

Answer 17

C
Explanation:
This type of collapse triggers the subsequent collapse of floors below and one or more enclosing wall
A- only the wood deck is burned through leaving the joists intact
B- several joists may fail, causing a localized failure of a section of floor (more deadly than a floor deck collapse)
chapter 6

Question 18

Question 18:
A multilevel floor collapse most often happens in burning buildings that have columns and girders. A sharp LT questions.com student would know that a building with a frontage of how many feet would be a sign that the building has columns and girders
A: 10 feet or more
B: 15 feet or more
C: 20 feet or less
D: 25 feet or more

Answer 18

D
Explanation:
A building with 25 feet or less can have floor beams supported by bearing walls on each side
chapter 6

Question 19

Question 19:
Size-up is key to firefighting. Upon entry into a large open space without columns bests describes what type of roof system?
A: Truss roof
B: Gable roof
C: Peak roof
D: Hip roof

Answer 19

A
Explanation:
Key in on the large open space
Chapter 8

Question 20

Question 20:
The SOP for dealing with sloping roofs in order of importance should be based upon: 1) Life Safety......2) Fire Containment......3) property Protection....Choose the correct order of importance
A: 1,2,3
B: 3,2,1
C: 2,3,1
D: 1,3,2

Answer 20

A
Explanation:
Chapter 7

Question 21

Question 21:
You arrive first due to a fire in a building that has a timber truss roof concealed by a ceiling. Upon investigation you discovered the fire is in the attic area above the ceiling. You should order your firefighters to?
A: Withdraw and operate in a defensive position and protect exposures
B: Pull the ceilings and operate a hoseline to extinguish the fire
C: Advance a hoseline up the trap door at the ceiling level that is easily found to extinguish the fire
D: Cut a hole in the roof and extinguish the fire from this level

Answer 21

A
Explanation:
B- The chances of opening a ceiling below a timber truss and extinguishing it with hose streams from below is rare
C- There can be no extinguishment from below the burning truss through a trap door in the ceiling
D- There is no extinguishing a fire in a truss space from above
chapter 8

Question 22

Question 22:
The attack strategy for a timber truss roof without a ceiling is different than a timber truss roof with a ceiling. Choose the incorrect strategy for a timber truss roof building without a ceiling
A: Attack the fire with a large diameter hose
B: The first hoseline should immediately be used to cool the truss area
C: If the first stream does not control the flames within the first few seconds of water discharge and it appears that the fire will increase, interior firefighting should be discontinued
D: The fire must show immediate signs of extinguishment by the first hose stream, or an outside attack should be ordered for the safety of the firefighters

Answer 22

B
Explanation:
Attack the main body of fire
If successful in controlling the fire a second large diameter line shall be stretched as a back up into the building and sweep the underside of the roof if necessary to extinguish any possible secondary hidden fire behind the smoke and heat at ceiling level
chapter 8

Question 23

Question 23:
Regarding the collapse concerns at Places of Worship, it would be correct to state that
A: Free standing walls will collapse before the tower and steeple
B: The chimney will collapse before tower and steeple
C: The free standing walls will collapse before the chimney
D: The tower and steeple will collapse first, then the chimney, then the free standing parapet walls

Answer 23

D
Explanation:
Chapter 8

Question 24

Question 24:
You arrive first due for a fire in a place of worship. Upon your size up, you determine the fire can be extinguished with a hoseline. You next order all of the following except?
A: The first line should be taken through the front or side door to attack the seat of the fire to extinguish it
B: Stretch the largest diameter hoseline possible
C: Stretch a second large diameter hoseline to back up the first line
D: As soon as flames are knocked down, the walls and attic area should be checked for fire spread
E: If two hoselines are unable to extinguish the fire a third hoseline should be stretched

Answer 24

E
Explanation:
If two hoselines do not extinguish the fire, withdraw FF’s and fight the fire from the outside
Chapter 8

Question 25

Question 25:
Venting procedures have become a hot topic among firefighters in the fire service. One building in particular that has a different procedure than most is at a place of worship. From the list below, choose the incorrect venting procedure at a place of worship
A: The primary window to be vented is the Rose window located at the front of the church or temple
B: The first arriving TL should be positioned at the Rose window to vent
C: The Rose window is the only window high enough and big enough to vent smoke and heat at the upper reaches of a burning place of worship
D: The primary window to be vented is the stained glass window located at the side of the church or temple
E: If unbreakable glass is discovered, notify the IC

Answer 25

D
Explanation:
Dunn says the Rose window is the primary window…He also says primary venting includes stained glass windows near the fire on both sides after the Rose window is vented… can be confusing on test day….read this section carefully
Ch 8

Question 26

Question 26:
Dunn mentions several reasons for venting a fire in a place of worship. Which choice below is an incorrect regarding the reasons for venting
A: To prevent fire from extending into the attic area
B: The place of worship could suffer a smoke explosion raising up the roof and pushing out the walls
C: Prevent fire from flashing over on the FF’s
D: Prevent smoke and heat from banking down on FF’s inside

Answer 26

A
Explanation:
A- never is mentioned …Dunn claims that if fire is found in concealed spaces it may spread up to the large attic space via hidden voids behind the sidewalls and via hollow imitation stone columns
ch 8

Question 27

Question 27:
After the Rose window is vented in a place of worship, you order your FF’s to vent the side windows. Choose the incorrect statement when venting these side windows
A: The side windows to be vented should be on both sides of the building, remote from the fire area, to create a strong cross ventilation
B: To vent tall side windows a portable ladder or aerial platform should be placed against the church sidewall, upwind of the windows
C: Venting these side windows does not vent the smoke stratifying at the upper reaches near the ceiling because the underside of these high ceilings is higher than the highest point on these windows
D: Even with venting all the side windows, fire can still spread to areas above the height of the windows

Answer 27

A
Explanation:
Near the fire area
Chapter 8

Question 28

Question 28:
Modern building construction uses lightweight materials such as steel bar joist, wood parallel lightweight truss, wood I-beams, and metal C-beams. In regards to unprotected steel bar joists, these joists can fail when exposed to fire in?
A: 10 to 20 minutes
B: 20 to 30 minutes
C: 30 to 40 minutes
D: 5 to 10 minutes

Answer 28

D
Explanation:
Chapter 9

Question 29

Question 29:
The preferred ventilation method, in advance of hoselines for a fire in a building that has steel bar joists supporting the roof can be found in which choice?
A: Vertical ventilation, which requires FFs operating on the roof
B: Horizontal ventilation of windows and doors
C: No ventilation procedures in buildings that have steel bar joists supporting the roof
D: Horizontal ventilation by breaching masonry walls

Answer 29

B\Explanation:

Chapter 9

Question 30

Question 30:
Dunn devoted an entire chapter on lightweight steel bar joists. In regards to lightweight steel bar joists, choose the incorrect answer
A: Lightweight Steel joists starts to distort and loose strength during a fire when flames reach 1,000 to 1,100 degrees
B: When heated by fire, steel joists expand, bend, sag, and buckle
C: Lightweight steel joists start to melt at 2,400 degrees, which is often reached at structural fires
D: Steel joists have greater tensile and compressive strength than wood or masonry

Answer 30

C
Explanation:
These temperatures are rarely reached at structural fires
ch 10

Question 31

Question 31:
Your conducting a drill on chapter 10 of Dunn’s new book. You tell the firefighters there are three ways of protecting steel from fire, which include encasing the steel in concrete, using a membrane ceiling, and using a spray-on fire retarding material (SFRM). From the choices listed below, choose the incorrect choice in regards to the three ways to protect steel.
A: Encasing the steel in concrete is the best method from a FF’s point of view
B: Using a membrane ceiling to protect steel is not as effective as concrete encasement
C: SFRM is the least common method used to protect steel
D: The membrane ceiling uses a suspended ceiling system of lightweight steel frame and rods to hold one hour fire retarding ceiling panels

Answer 31

C
Explanation:
The most common used
Chapter 10

Question 32

Question 32:
The officer continued his drill on chapter 10 and concentrated on the spray-on fire retarding material (SFRM). Although the most commonly used, SFRM fails to protect steel because of all of the following except?
A: Poor or uneven application of the SFRM
B: Application of SFRM over primer paint increases its adhesion qualities by 1/3 to ½
C: The spray on slurry often is not mixed properly
D: Vibrations from nearby HVAC equipment tend to shake loose sections of SFRM leaving areas of steel exposed

Answer 32

B
Explanation:
Reduces adhesion qualities by 1/3 to ½
chapter 10

Question 33

Question 33:
There are four factors that determine the speed with which unprotected steel will fail during a fire. Choose the incorrect one
A: The temperature of the fire
B: The shear stress
C: The steel thickness
D: The size of the fire

Answer 33

B
Explanation:
The load stress…the greater the supported load, the faster a structural member can fail
chapter 10

Question 34

Question 34:
When steel reaches 1,100 degrees, the steel begins to fail. At this point, steel will lose almost \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_of its load carrying capacity
A: 10 percent
B: 15 percent
C: 40 percent
D: 80 percent

Answer 34

C 40%
Explanation:
Chapter 10

Question 35

Question 35:
There are two types of wood truss systems used in building construction, which include heavy timber truss and lightweight wood truss. In regards to the lightweight wood truss, they may collapse around \_\_\_\_\_ in a fully develop fire.
A: 10 minutes
B: 60 minutes
C: 90 minutes
D: 30 minutes

Answer 35

A
Explanation:
Chapter 11

Question 36

Question 36:
Which is an incorrect point about lightweight wooden truss?
A: Uses wood members as small as 2x4 inches
B: Wooden members are connected by sheet metal fasteners called gusset plates or gang nails.
C: The sheet metal fastener is not that critical during a fire since they penetrated the wood truss ½ to 1 inch deep
D: The sheet metal fasteners V shaped points fasten only the surface of the 2x4 inch wood truss

Answer 36

Explanation:
C- is critical to the integrity of the truss during a fire and only penetrates the wood ¼ to ½ deep…
Dunn also says these connection points are the first to fail during a fire
He also states that the most serious defect of the sheet metal surface fastener is the insufficient depth penetration of the nailing points, which fastens only the outer ½ inch surface of the truss……Ch 11

Question 37

Question 37:
Dunn recommends two different strategies for fighting a fire when lightweight trusses are used for the roof and floors in a building. One is for when just the contents are involved in fire, and the other is when fire has involved the structure and is burning throughout the concealed roof or floor spaces. Choose the incorrect strategy.
A: If fire is burning content such as a couch or mattress, SOP should be followed, which includes stretching an interior hoseline and extinguishing the fire
B: If fire is burning content such as a couch or mattress, SOP should not be followed, and the people should be immediately removed and an exterior attack should be the strategy
C: If fire involves the structure and is burning throughout the concealed roof or floor spaces, the people should be removed and exterior attack should be the strategy
D: None of the above

Answer 37

B
Explanation:
See choice A
Dunn also states that the rate of fire spread inside a building’s concealed space will be 100% faster than in concealed spaces of a building with conventional solid wood beam construction
Chapter 11

Question 38

Question 38:
New York has a law for a symbol to be marked on a building to notify firefighters that the building is constructed with truss construction. What type of symbol is it?
A: Two horizontal lines
B: A picture of a wood truss
C: The word “Truss”
D: Two vertical lines

Answer 38

D
Explanation:
Chapter 11

Question 39

Question 39:
There are three common types of suspended ceilings, which include a wood grid system with a permanently affixed ceiling, a metal grid system with a permanently affixed ceiling, and a lightweight metal grid system with a removable panel ceiling. Of the following three types, which is the one that is killing NYC FF’s when involved in a collapse?
A: The wood grid system with a permanently affixed ceiling
B: The metal grid system with a permanently affixed ceiling
C: The lightweight metal grid system with a removable panel ceiling
D: All three types will kill FF’s when involved in a collapse

Answer 39

A
Explanation:
Chapter 12

Question 40

Question 40:
Which one of the following wood frame building collapse is considered the most dangerous type?
A: Side wall collapse
B: 90 degree wall collapse
C: Lean over collapse
D: Inward-Outward collapse

Answer 40

D
Explanation:
One or all 4 wood enclosing walls may crack apart and fall in an inward-outward collapse….ch 15

Question 41

Question 41:
Braced frame, Balloon frame, Platform frame, and Lightweight wood are the most widely used wood frame construction methods. In regards to lightweight wood construction, all of the following points below are correct except?
A: From a fire protection point of view, it is inferior construction
B: Suffers floor and roof collapse during the late stages of fire, especially the floors
C: The floors and roof will collapse first before a wall or a global collapse of the entire structure.
D: All are correct

Answer 41

B
Explanation:
Early stages of fire
Remember the saying “through the door and through the floor”……ch 15

Question 42

Question 42:
The following statements were made during drill about exterior screened stairways (fire escapes). Select the incorrect statement

A: Exterior screened stairways are the safest type

B: Exterior screened stairways extend from the roof of building to the street by way of a permanent stationary metal stair

C: Exterior screened stairways have no sliding drop ladder, gooseneck or counterbalance stair from the lowest balcony to the street

D: Exterior screened stairways are wide enough for two people to descend side by side

Answer 42

B
Explanation:
From the top floor to the street…….one word change is huge on test day
ch 14

Question 43

Question 43:
When describing the Party Balcony Fire Escape, all of the following points are correct except?

A: Party Balcony Fire Escapes have no stairway or ladder connecting the intermediate balconies

B: Party Balcony Fire Escapes is strictly a horizontal emergency exit through the adjoining occupancy

C: The real protection provided by a Party Balcony Fire Escape is the unpierced fire division between the two adjoining occupancies

D: The hazard of the Party Balcony Fire Escape is collapse from an Aerial or T.L striking them during fire operations

Answer 43

D
Explanation:
The collapse hazard is from overloading or failure of the supports fastening the balcony to the outside of the building
ch 14

Question 44

Question 44:
Wood frame buildings can collapse in three ways such as 90 degree wall collapse, lean over collapse, and inward-outward collapse. In regards to the inward-outward collapse in wood frame buildings, Dunn states that all of the following are causes that can contribute to an inward-outward collapse except?
A: Fire destruction of bearing walls
B: Failure at the Mortise and Tendon connection
C: Interior wall overload
D: None of the above

Answer 44

C
Explanation:
Exterior wall
ch 15

Question 45

Question 45:
The exterior wall of a wood frame building can be weakened by the weight of a metal fire escape landing or ladder. The metal fire escape transmits what type of load to the exterior wall?
A: Axial
B: Torsional
C: Eccentric
D: None of the above, because it’s a wood frame building

Answer 45

C
Explanation:
Without a fire escape, the wood wall studs are under an Axial load….add a metal fire escape now the wall studs are under an eccentric load
ch 15…..Know these loads

Question 46

Question 46:
In his new book, Chief Dunn dedicates an entire chapter on collapse of buildings under construction. From the list below choose an incorrect statement about crane collapse in these buildings
A: Crane collapse happens most often when the building is involved in fire
B: The worst type of incident in buildings under construction is when the crane fails and collapses damaging both the building being worked on and adjacent buildings
C: Collapse buildings can go on fire due to broken gas pipes and electric sparks
D: If the building is on fire and exposing the crane a master stream shall be used to protect the crane operator

Answer 46

A
Explanation:
When the crane is overloaded, moved, assembled, or disassembled…NOT DURING FIRES
ch 16….also check out D- not a handline

Question 47

Question 47:
In buildings under construction, workers often set up small offices in and around the construction site called shanties. In regards to the shanties, all of the following statements are correct except?
A: Shanties are constructed of sheetrock or plywood
B: Shanties are found around the perimeter and sometimes even inside the building
C: Shanties are required to be non-combustible, at least 30 feet away from the building under construction, and not grouped together
D: The number one ignition source for fires in shanties is the an electric overload of computers and other electronic devices

Answer 47

D
Explanation:
Portable heaters are the number one ignition source…illegal smoking, matches, and careless cooking are also considered ignition sources
ch 16…know choice C, easy question to write on test day

Question 48

Question 48:
Burning buildings under construction are extremely dangerous to firefighters. Which hazard is incorrectly stated?
A: After work hours when all the workers have gone home, there will be no major life hazard; only a collapse hazard
B: The major life hazard during the day will be the workers on the upper floors, especially the crane operator in the cab of the crane
C: Propane and coal may be used to heat concreate during the curing stage
D: The dried out formwork supporting the freshly poured floors creates a maze-like layout.

Answer 48

A
Explanation:
The major life hazard after work hours will be the firefighters
ch 16

Question 49

Question 49:
During M.U.D. you over hear another officer giving a drill on procedures in using hoist elevators at a building under construction. You corrected him on which one?
A: Hoists elevators are built on the outside of a building to carry construction workers and their equipment to the upper floors
B: The equipment and workers elevators are designed the same and either one can be used during a fire
C: The hoist elevator used for the workers have built in safety brakes to stop the car from free falling
D: FF’s should not use the hoist elevator designed for equipment even if the suggested by the workers or a watchman

Answer 49

B
Explanation:
Only use the hoist elevator designed for the workers
ch 16

Question 50

Question 50:
During a TL operation at a building under construction sometimes there is a lot of smoke and the officer as well as the firefighters must rely on the sound of the large caliber stream striking objects to determine the stream’s effectiveness. Please choose the incorrect sound from the list below
A: A drumming sound is heard when a large caliber stream strikes a brick wall
B: A drumming sound is heard when a large caliber stream strikes a wood wall
C: A distant rumble is heard when a large caliber stream enters a window

Answer 50

A
Explanation:
Splattering sound
ch 17…know these sounds

Question 51

Question 51:
When a building under construction reaches a certain height, a standpipe system is required to be installed in case of fire. Choose the incorrect choice concerning standpipes at these buildings
A: Any dismantled standpipe system found between the top of the standpipe and the last floor constructed should be reported to the IC
B: If the top of the standpipe is not fitted with a cap or seal, there still may be enough pressure for an effective firefighting stream in case of a fire
C: Outlet valves may be installed in the open position
D: The entire first alarm assignment may have to be diverted to search for and shut open valves

Answer 51

B
Explanation:
Will never be enough pressure developed for an effective firefighting stream…..also if units report all valves closed and still no water to the upper floors, someone should check the cellar outlet valve
Ch 16

Question 52

Question 52:
In chapter 17, Dunn discusses the use of master streams, which include temporary knockdown and final extinguishment. Please choose the correct procedure in regards to temporary knocking a fire down using a master stream
A: No FF shall remain inside the building during a master stream attack
B: The force of the master stream, the weight of the water absorbed into the building, and the destruction over a long period of time can weaken the structure
C: The IC must prepare for the collapse of the building
D: FFs inside the building must withdraw to a safe position

Answer 52

D
Explanation:
A,B,and C are for final extinguisment
Ch 17

Question 53

Question 53:
In chapter 23 of Dunns new book, he writes about the causes of early floor collapse. Select the correct cause of early floor collapse

A: Sometimes it is pre-engineered floor construction or lightweight wood truss

B: Most of the time it is bad renovations

C: Most of the time it is pre-engineered floor construction or lightweight wood truss

D: None of the above

Answer 53

C
Explanation:
A- is sometimes old construction
B- is other times bad renovations
know choice C and the rest is easy
Ch 23

Question 54

Question 54:
Dunn describes the first floor to be a collapse danger when there is a cellar fire in a private dwelling. Of all the factors he lists for the first floor collapsing into the cellar, choose the incorrect one

A: Cellars are often unoccupied

B: They contain large amounts of storage and heating units

C: Undetected fires progresses through the three stages, which include growth, fully developed, and decay

D: Most basements are unfinished

E: The underside of the first floor is open joist construction

F: In a finished basement with a ceiling, the ceiling barrier can give floor supports 60 minutes or more of fire protection

Answer 54

F
Explanation:
20 Minutes
Ch 23

Question 55

Question 55:
Answer questions 55-100 according to Frank Brannigan’s book “Building Construction For The Fire Service.” Which “Load” definition is incorrect?
A: Dead load can be described as the weight of the building itself and any equipment permanently attached or built in
B: Live load are any loads other than dead loads. Ex: a movable safe
C: Static load can be considered a FF stepping off a ladder and lightly applying his weight onto a roof of a building
D: Concentrated load is a steel beam resting on a masonry wall

Answer 55

C
Explanation:
This is considered an impact load. Brannigan states: There is no such thing as a “no impact” load. No matter how gingerly personnel and equipment are placed on a structure, there is a substantial increase in the stress, at least momentarily
Static loads are loads that are applied slowly and remain constant
An example of a live load…. snow, wind, or rain.
The water tank mounted on the roof of a building is considered a dead load, but the water in the tank is live load
Chapter 2

Question 56

Question 56:
Which is an incorrect choice when describing compression and tension
A: When reinforced concrete is used, the concrete provides the tensile strength and the steel provides the compression strength
B: Steel is almost equally strong in compression and tension
C: Wood varies greatly in its compression strength, depending on the direction in which the load is applied
D: The shape of steel is not a consideration in tensile loads

Answer 56

A
Explanation:
A- When reinforced concrete is used, the concrete provides the COMPRESSION strength and the steel provides the TENSILE strength
Look at D….The shape of a material affects its ability to resist a compressive load or a deflective one
Chapter 2

Question 57

Question 57:
Choose the incorrect choice when describing how a beam works
A: A beam transmits forces in a direction perpendicular to such forces—-to the reaction points (the point of support)
B: A vertical or diagonal member that performs the function of a beam, although it may have another name, such as a rafter, is structurally a beam
C: Deflection of a beam causes the top of the beam to shorten —-so the top is in tension
D: Deflection of the beam causes the bottom of the beam to elongate —-and thus is in tension
E: A cantilever beam is supported at one end. It projects out over a support point. Beyond the support point, the tension is in the top, and the compression is in the bottom

Answer 57

C
Explanation:
Top is in compression
Chapter 2

Question 58

Question 58:
The carrying capacity of a beam is incorrect in which choice?

A: If another 2x4 is laid alongside a similar 2x4 the carrying capacity is increased by a factor of two

B: The load carrying capacity of a beam increases by the square of its depth. A 2x8 can carry four times (square of 2) the carrying capacity of a 2x4

C: As the length of the span (distance between supports) of a beam increase, the safe load capacity increases in direct proportion

D: The transfer beams are designed to receive the concentrated load of a column and deliver it laterally to supports

Answer 58

C
Explanation:
Decreases
The load carrying capacity or strength of a beam:
Increases/decreases in direct proportion to changes in its width
Increases/decreases in proportion to the square of changes in its depth
Increases/decreases in direct proportion to changes in its span or length
Chapter 2

Question 59

Question 59:
Choose the incorrect comment made during a recent study group about columns
A: Columns are usually thought of as being vertical, but any structural member which is compressively loaded, is governed by the laws of columns
B: Non-vertical columns are often called struts or rakers, which are diagonal columns used to brace foundation piling
C: A 12 foot column can carry only half the load of a 6 foot column
D: The slightest indication of column failure should cause the building to be cleared immediately
E: The failure of a column is likely to be much more sudden than the failure of a beam

Answer 59

C
Explanation:
A 12 foot column can carry only ¼ the load of a 6 foot column of the same material and cross section
Columns lose strength by the square of the change (increase) in length
A column braced at its midpoint, cuts the length of the column in two. This increases the carrying capacity of the column to 4 times what it was initially, however, if the bracing fails, the effective length of the column doubles and the load carrying capacity suddenly decreases to ¼ of what it was
Chapter 2

Question 60

The incorrect way to breach a masonry wall can be found in which choice?
A: Cut a rectangular opening

B: If a parallel cut is made, it should be supported immediately

C: If wall elements fall apart easily indicating the wall is in poor condition, breaching should cease

D: If you are breaching a wall and find any evidence that the wall is strengthened at that point, stop and start somewhere else, as you are likely to be under a concentrated load

Answer 60

A
Explanation:
Triangular hole
Chapter 2

Question 61

Question 61:
The correct definition regarding wall bracing can be found in which choice?
A: Buttresses are masonry structures built on the inside surface of the wall
B: Pilasters are masonry columns built on the outside surface of the wall
C: Wall columns are columns of steel, reinforced concrete, or solid masonry in a block wall
D: Cavity or hollow walls are built 3 wythes separated by a space for rain drainage or insulation

Answer 61

C
Explanation:
A- Outside
B- Inside
D- 2 wythes
Chapter 2

Question 62

Question 62:
Every Battalion Chief should know how an Arch works, especially during a fire. Choose the incorrect statement made about Arches

A: The arch combines the function of the beam and the column

B: The arch is under tension its entire length

C: The removal of any part of an arch can cause the collapse of the entire arch

D: Arches tend to push outward at the base and therefore must be either braced or tied

Answer 62

B
Explanation:
Under COMPRESSION
Also, cutting through tile arch floors, such as for distributor or cellar pipe is dangerous because the removal of one tile can cause the entire arch to fail
Chapter 2

Question 63

Question 63:
When a firewall does not penetrate the roof of a building, one sheet of Fire Retardant Treated Plywood is placed on both sides of a firewall to avoid parapetting the wall. The problems associated with Fire Retardant Treated Plywood can be found in all of the following except?
A: Plywood delaminates. Its layers’ separate therefore increasing the surface area and its rate of heat release causing the fire to pass over the top of the fire wall
B: Certain plywood treated with certain chemicals decays from the heat and is subject to failure if walked on.
C: Sometimes the entire roof is treated plywood, not just over the firewall
D: Due to the heavy chemicals used to treat the plywood, expect lighter smoke conditions

Answer 63

D
Explanation:
Treated plywood fires, expect dense smoke
Also, Expect hot fast fires from plywood with high flame spread and a high rate of heat release Chapter 3

Question 64

Question 64:
Being able to determine when a building will collapse during a fire is important for every Battalion Chief. This is even more so when the building has braced walls. Choose the incorrect statement regarding braced walls
A: Bracing is signaled by stars, plates, channel sections, or other spreaders, or straps tying the front wall to the side wall
B: Braced walls are a basic sign that a wall is in distress
C: The walls may be tied together across the building, or tied to floor beams
D: Braces of unprotected structural steel, or worse, of steel cable, will fail at fire temperatures
E: Braces are always an indication of instability

Answer 64

E
Explanation:
Not always an indication of instability
Some buildings have walls that are tied to the floors to make the structure more ridged
(Generally, these can be identified by spreaders, usually stars, in a regular pattern)
Chapter 4

Question 65

Question 65:
All of the following are correct when characterizing a cast iron column collapse/failure except?
A: Cast iron column failure can occur if the material of the column is poorly cast so that the material is thin at one point
B: The chief cause of cast iron column failure is unsafe connections, rather than the questionable cold water on red hot cast iron
C: Cast iron column collapse can’t occur if the column is moved laterally since for the most part, the column is bolted into place
D: Cast iron column collapse can be caused by either the loss of the small amount of wood resting on the column shelf or the softening of the cast iron shelf

Answer 65

C
Explanation:
Cast iron column collapse can occur if the column is moved laterally since for the most part, the column is held in place only by gravity
Chapter 4

Question 66

Question 66:
The correct fire tactics used in Garden Apartments can be found in all of the following except?
A: Once the attic is fully involved, the use of a ladder pipe for suppression is questionable
B: If the attic is opened up by the fire, and the ladder pipe can get a good shot into the attic void, this tactic may be successful
C: It might be better to use the ladder pipe to protect the firewall and extinguish any fire spreading on the roofing
D: If the truss floors are extended to act as a stairway platform, a void fire may involve the stairway early on
E: If the fire reaches the attic, the roof will burn away in a short amount of time. The sooner it goes the worse it is for FFs. The FFs will be forced to retreat below the top floor

Answer 66

E
Explanation:
The sooner it goes the better because then it will be safe to operate on the top floor
Chapter 5

Question 67

Question 67:
Select the choice that is incorrect when summarizing the characteristics of steel

A: If steel cannot elongate because of restraint, it will buckle or overturn

B: While structural steel fails around 1300 degrees, cold drawn steel will fail at about 800 degrees

C: Steel is a good thermal conductor, so it transmits heat readily

D: If steel is elongating, the cooling effect of water will draw it back to its original dimensions

E: If steel is failing, water will simply freeze it in whatever shape it is in

F: Heated steel beams, do present a hazard when cooled with streams of water

Answer 67

F
Explanation:
Heated steel beams, DO NOT present a hazard when cooled with streams of water. They will not buckle, but will return to their original shape OR if past the point of strain, will keep their deformed shape
Chapter 7

Question 68

Question 68:
Which choice does not illustrate steel during a fire

A: Heated to 1000 degrees, a steel member will expand 9 ½ inches over 100 feet in length

B: If steel beams are restrained by a masonry wall, and the temperature of the fire remains around 1000 degrees, the expanding steel may cause displacement of the masonry

C: In hot fast fires, failure temperatures are reached rapidly and the lateral thrust against the wall is maximized

D: If steel is raised to temperatures above 1000 degrees, it starts to lose strength rapidly

Answer 68

C
Explanation:
In hot fast fires, failure temperatures are reached rapidly and the lateral thrust against the wall is MINIMIZED
Chapter 7

Question 69

Question 68:
Which choice does not illustrate steel during a fire

A: Heated to 1000 degrees, a steel member will expand 9 ½ inches over 100 feet in length

B: If steel beams are restrained by a masonry wall, and the temperature of the fire remains around 1000 degrees, the expanding steel may cause displacement of the masonry

C: In hot fast fires, failure temperatures are reached rapidly and the lateral thrust against the wall is maximized

D: If steel is raised to temperatures above 1000 degrees, it starts to lose strength rapidly

Answer 69

C
Explanation:
Water use might not be recommended due to potential extension Chapter 7

Question 70

Question 69:
Which tactic is incorrect when structures like bridges are made of steel?

A: At building fires exposing a highway structure, cooling the steel might be more important than extinguishing the fire

B: During transportation accidents, preplan to protect the steel or concrete, and anticipate a flammable liquid fire. Water used for foam to suppress the fire might not be as effective as water used to cool the steel or concrete of the bridge

C: If water is used to cool steel mixes with gasoline, it may provide a flowing fire. Even though fire could flow into nearby buildings, the use of water to cool the steel outweighs the fire flowing into nearby buildings

Answer 70

C
Explanation:
Water use might not be recommended due to potential extension Chapter 7

Question 71

Question 70:
Upon arrival of a construction worker that fell into a hole, you discover that the earth under the structure that is adjacent to the excavation hole your members are working in may tend to shear sideways into the hole. You take all of the following correct actions except?
A: Rows of horizontal beams called Solider Beams are driven into the ground
B: The rows of Solider beams are tied together with a beam called a Waler
C: Diagonal columns called Rakers brace the entire structure
D: The Rakers may be loaded to twice the load that would be permitted if they were permanent structures

Answer 71

A
Explanation:
Vertical beams
Chapter 7

Question 72

Question 71:
Frank Brannigan appeared at a Battalion Chief’s Command class to teach how to extinguish fires involving a metal roof deck. He made a mistake in which choice?
A: There will be a characteristic orange/yellow wave of fire several inches deep advancing rapidly on the underside of the roof
B: These fires can be controlled by the continuous application of water to the underside of the roof. By cooling the steel, the tar is prevented from generating gas. Extinguishing the fire by removing the fuel
C: Do not hesitate to throw water into the smoke, even though the target may be invisible
D: A ladder pipe or TL stream directed downward onto the roof is useless
E: The ladder pipe or TL stream can be useful if it can be maneuvered to where it can deliver the heavy stream onto the underside of the roof

Answer 72

A
Explanation:
There will be a characteristic BLUE wave of fire several FEET deep advancing rapidly on the underside of the roof
Chapter 7

Question 73

Question 72:
When cooling heated steel, it is critical to do all of the following except?
A: Special attention should be given to cooling steel
B: The stream should be kept in one spot to avoid the beam from buckling
C: When a long reach of the stream is required, a solid stream tip might be better than a fog tip
D: It is most important to cool all the steel that is within reach of hose streams

Answer 73

B
Explanation:
The stream should be kept moving. Overcooling in one spot means undercooling in another spot
Chapter 7

Question 74

Question 73:
Select the incorrect statement about concrete
A: Tensile strength is good
B: Shear resistance is poor
C: Compressive strength is good, particularly when compared to the cost of steel
D: Cast in place concrete is molded in the location in which it is expected to remain
E: Precast concrete is cast at another location other than the place where it is to remain

Answer 74

A
Explanation:
Tensile strength is very weak
Chapter 8

Question 75

Question 74:
All of the following are correct concerning Reinforced Concrete except?
A: Reinforced concrete is a composite material made of steel and concrete
B: Steel provides the compression strength that concrete lacks and may also provide tensile strength
C: Exposed steel lacks fire resistance
D: Both the concrete and steel must remain in contact
E: It is a composite and both elements are equally important

Answer 75

B
Explanation:
Steel provides the tensile strength that concrete lacks and may also provide compressive strength
Chapter 8

Question 76

Question 75:
Concrete columns are often cast on sight. Choose the incorrect point about these concrete columns during a fire
A: At fires, the steel reinforcing rods in a column may buckle under load
B: The buckling will cause the rods to protrude from the column
C: Protruding rods are a sign of possible collapse
D: Since the protruding rods are a sign of a possible collapse, chief officers have approximately 20 minutes before evacuating the area

Answer 76

D
Explanation:
Immediate evacuation
Chapter 8

Question 77

Question 76:
During a recent study group, Captain Nugent made the following statements in reference to concrete beams and girders. Select the incorrect statement
A: When a beam is loaded, it deflects, bringing compression in the top of the beam and tension in the bottom of the beam
B: Reinforcing bars are placed in the top of the concrete beam to provide tensile strength
C: Precast beams often have the word “top” cast into the top of the beam to insure it is installed right side up
D: In a cantilever beam, the tension is in the top of the beam and thus the reinforcing (tension) rods are placed in the top of the beam
E: In a continuous beam supported at more than 2 points, there is tension in the top of the beam in the area over the tops of the columns, and tension in the bottom of the beam between the columns

Answer 77

B
Explanation:
Placed in the bottom of a concrete beam
Chapter 8

Question 78

Question 77:
When discussing prestressed (tensioned) concrete the following points were made. Choose the incorrect point
A: Prestressed concrete places engineered stresses in concrete to offset stresses occurring in concrete placed under load
B: Special high strength cold drawn steel cables or alloy steel bars are used
C: In building construction, the special high strength, cold drawn steel cables, or alloy steel bars are technically known as tendons, but are called strands and cables by those working with them
D: High tensile strength wire, ordinarily used for prestressing, has a complete loss of prestress at 300 degrees

Answer 78

D
Explanation:
800 degrees
Protection of the tendons from fire is of paramount importance
Chapter 8

Question 79

Question 78:
Choose the incorrect statement in regards to Post-tensioning concrete
A: Strand wires or bars are encased in plastic or paper tubing, or wrapped, to prevent and adhesion with the concrete
B: Until the tendons are stretched, the entire weight of the concrete is on the falsework. The weight of the concrete is transferred to the columns only when tension is completed
C: When the concrete reaches a specified strength, the steel tendons are stretched and anchored at the ends of the unit. ( This is known as stressing the tendons or jacking the cables)
D: A major advantage of post tensioning is that floors can be thicker

Answer 79

D
Explanation:
Thinner
Chapter 8

Question 80

Question 79:
Falsework (formwork) is a temporary structure erected to support concrete work during construction. It is also the mold that shapes concrete. When formwork is used to construct a wall, all chief officers should know that if a collapse occurs all of the following are correct except?
A: It usually goes out at the top
B: Workers may be trapped, particularly between falsework and sides of the excavation
C: There will probably be no reinforcing steel to interfere with the rescue
D: Rescue will involve uncovering faces, supplying oxygen, and digging victims out
E: If it is necessary to retard the setting of the concrete, as much sugar as can be obtained should be worked into it

Answer 80

A
Explanation:
It usually goes out at the bottom
Look at E…Concrete containing sugar will set slowly, if at all
Chapter 8

Question 81

Question 80:
When it comes to Floor Formwork Collapse, all of the following are correct except?
A: Most of the victims will be on the top of the falsework
B: Use bolt cutters or torch to cut reinforcing rods to manageable lengths
C: When concrete is being poured, carpenters and helpers are often underneath bracing and wedging shores that appear to be in distress
D: Use bolt cutters or torch to cut post tension cables to manageable lengths

Answer 81

D
Explanation:
DO NOT CUT POST-TENSIONED CABLES OR RODS WHICH ARE UNDER TENSION AND WILL WHIP DANGEROUSLY IF CUT
Chapter 8

Question 82

Question 81:
For chief officers, responding to a reported fire in a building under construction can be challenging, especially when concrete is used. Chief officers must know the critical points in these types of fires. Choose the incorrect point

A: The curing time for concrete depends on the type of cement used and the temperature during the curing period

B: Reshoring is done when a proportion of the design strength is reached, but the concrete is not yet up to full strength

C: It is almost impossible to predict the effect of the loss of even a small portion of falsework in a fire. Command should err on the side of caution

D: Concrete falsework failure presents the likelihood for catastrophic collapse, however, the potential is more pronounced in the case of pre-tensioned concrete

Answer 82

D
Explanation:
D POST-TENSIONED (poured on site)
Also, Few concrete floors are designed to withstand the collapse of one floor onto another
When this occurs, progressive collapse is almost a certainty
Chapter 8

Question 83

Question 82:
Chief officers must be able to recognize the signs for Post-Tension concrete upon arrival for a fire in a building under construction. These signs for Post-Tensioned concrete can be found in all of the following except?
A: After tension, the ends of tendons are left hanging and exposed for varying time periods
B: The tendons may protrude several feet from a floor slab until it is cut off and then the socket is dry packed
C: In the case of beams, anchors may be left exposed for further tensioning
D: In either case, the hanging tendons can act as heat collectors and will fail at 1000 degrees

Answer 83

D
Explanation:
800 degrees
Signs: Protruding cables, Coils of tendons, and Characteristic anchors
Also, Failure of tendons will cause the collapse of that part of the structure
In a fire, it is vital that any exposed steel connected to the stressed tendons be cooled immediately for the duration of the fire, if this can be done from a safe distance
Chief officers should be wary of requests for cutting torches or power saws to cut reinforcing rods
All cutting into Post-Tensioned concrete floors in a fire is unsafe
Chapter 8

Question 84

Question 83:
Smoke and Fire Containment can be only illustrated in which choice?
A: The chief mover of smoke in a fire is caused by the thermal energy of the fire
B: The principal smoke moving mechanism in a high-rise building is gravity
C: During positive pressure ventilation, the exhaust opening can provide a horizontal or a vertical ventilation of the contamination
D: During positive pressure ventilation, it is most advantageous to pressurize the structure on the leeward side and exhaust contaminants on the windward side of the building
E: If the prevailing wind cannot be used to advantage, positive pressure ventilation has proven effective against winds up to 35 mph

Answer 84

C
Explanation:
A Gravity
B Thermal energy of fire
D During positive pressure ventilation, it is most advantageous to pressurize the structure on the WINDWARD side and exhaust contaminants on the LEEWARD side of the building
E 25 mph
Also, opening a single window on the leeward side of the building in the fire area will permit the excess pressure to vent, taking much of the smoke with it
Opening several windows can dilute this effect
Chapters 10 and 11

Question 85

Question 84:
The two terms that can describe atmospheric conditions are Lapse and Pause. Choose the most correct description
A: When the atmospheric temperature is constantly decreasing as height increases, the condition is called Lapse. Under Lapse, smoke will move up and away from the building
B: If there is a layer of air warmer than the air below, the condition is called Lapse, and the layer is called the inversion layer
C: Lapse acts as a roof to rising smoke
D: A High-Rise building will never be tall enough to penetrate the inversion layer

Answer 85

A
Explanation:
B- the condition is called Pause
C- Pause acts as a roof to rising smoke
D- A High-Rise building will be tall enough to penetrate the inversion layer
Chapter 11

Question 86

Question 85:
Chief officers must know how wind can effect a building fire, specifically when it comes to High-Rise buildings. Choose the incorrect effect when it comes to wind
A: Closely spaced high-rise buildings can create a River effect, where the wind increases velocity as it squeezes through a narrow opening
B: Wind blowing against a building seems to split about 2/3 of the way up the building. The upper portion flows up and over the roof
C: The lower portion flows downward forming a vortex next to the building
D: Wind increases in velocity as it flows downward

Answer 86

A
Explanation:
Canyon Effect
Chapter 11

Question 87

Question 86:
During the last study group session, Captain Van Zant made several comments about Stack Effect. The Captain was incorrect in which choice?
A: Stack effect describes the movement of air inside a tightly sealed building due to the difference in temperature between the air inside the building and outside the building
B: Stack effect is not caused by fire. The products of combustion ride the stack effect currents
C: There is much greater difference between the inside temperature and outside temperature during the summer than during the winter
D: Stack effect also occurs with opposite airflow direction, when the outside temperature is greater than the inside temperature. This condition is much less significant because the temperature difference is not as great

Answer 87

C
Explanation:
There is much greater difference between the inside temperature and outside temperature during the WINTER than during the SUMMER
Chapter 11

Question 88

Question 87:
Even after being corrected, Captain Van Zant made several comments on Stack Effect during the winter months. The Captain was incorrect again in which choice?
A: The greatest flow of air will be at the top floor, with the flow gradually decreasing as the height above ground increases
B: At a point about 1/3 to ½ the height of the building the flow is reduced to zero. This is called the neutral zone
C: Above the neutral zone, the flow reverses and travels from the shafts to the floors
D: The pressure increases floor by floor and is greatest at the top

Answer 88

A
Explanation:
The greatest flow will be at the FIRST floor
Also. It is common practice to hook open a lobby door to make it easier to bring equipment in. This may lower the neutral zone several floors and increase the number of floors polluted by a fire below the neutral zone
Chapter 11

Question 89

Question 88:
The following points about steel trusses/columns are correct except?
A: The top chord of a truss is in compression
B: The bottom chord of a truss is in tension
C: When a truss is cantilevered out, the situation reverses. Beyond the point of support, the tension is in the top chord, and the compression is in the bottom chord
D: Compressive loads are best resisted by columns whose material is as close to the center as possible

Answer 89

D
Explanation:
Compressive loads are best resisted by columns whose material is as FAR as possible from the center (shape is important)
Also: Tensile loads need only the required strength of the material (shape is unimportant)
Chapter 12

Question 90

Question 89:
The following points about wood trusses are correct except?
A: Wood trusses gradually sag before failing
B: Metal gusset plates dig into the wood about 3/8 of an inch
C: Tactics used for sawn joist floors will kill FFs if used on wood truss floors
D: During a fire, the presence of truss floors may be disclosed by smoke showing through the wall at the floor line. This is less likely in a brick veneered building

Answer 90

A
Explanation:
Wood trusses fail suddenly
The gradual sagging of sawn beams due to a loss of the exterior wood often gives warning of impending collapse
Chapter 12

Question 91

Question 90:
Brannigan states that it is a misconception that sprinklers should be shut down as soon as possible to prevent excess water damage or to clear the air. Instead, Brannigan states you should adhere to all of the following except?
A: Sprinklers should be shut off as soon as FFs access the fire area
B: Sprinklers should not be shut off as long as hot water is falling down
C: All visible fire should be extinguished before sprinklers are shut
D: The FF who shuts a valve should be in full firefighting equipment with a radio and remain at the valve so it can be opened instantly if the fire breaks out again

Answer 91

A
Explanation:
doesn’t mention this
Chapter 13

Question 92

Question 91:
During a fire a pressurized stair in a High-Rise building should be reserved for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A: Attack
B: Evacuation
C: Positive Pressure Ventilation
D: Negative Pressure Ventilation

Answer 92

B
Explanation:
Chapter 11

Question 93

Question 92:
Pallet storage systems provide as much as ______ times the surface area as boxes stacked solid

A: 14

B: 36

C: 48

D: 28

Answer 93

BExplanation:

Chapter 13

Question 94

Question 93:
If a truss has connections every five feet, this is like a column tied off every five feet. If a connection fails, the two five foot segments become a ten foot segment, and carry only \_\_\_\_\_ of the design load.
A: 15 percent
B: 25 percent
C: 50 percent
D: 75 percent

Answer 94

B
Explanation:
Just like a column: load carrying capacity of a column decreases inversely to the square of an increase in its length (double the column and it has only ¼ the load carrying capacity)
Chapter 12

Question 95

Question 94:
Cold drawn steel fails around how many degrees?
A: 800
B: 1000
C: 1200
D: 1500
E: 2000

Answer 95

A
Explanation:
Chapter 2

Question 96

Question 95:
Pressure treatment of wood in order to fire-retard the wood decreases its allowed load by how many percent?
A: 50 percent
B: 35 percent
C: 25 percent
D: 15 percent

Answer 96

C
Explanation:
Chapter 3

Question 97

Question 96:
The tactics used when fire has entered the inner structure of a balloon frame building can be found in all of the following except?

A: Investigate all parts of the building immediately

B: Examine the attic before smoke, heat, and fire make conditions untenable

C: Fire moving up or down exterior stud channels can often best be stopped by removing molding from the inside at the 2nd floor line, and the eave and foundation lines

D: Collapse is a serious threat, so with fires in balloon frame buildings you should assign an officer to be an observer from the exterior

Answer 97

C
Explanation:
Fire moving up or down exterior stud channels can often best be stopped by removing SIDING from the OUTSIDE at the 2nd floor line, and the eave and foundation lines Chapter 3

Question 98

Question 97:
Brick veneer walls have all bricks laid as stretchers and no headers. In a bearing brick wall, headers can be seen, usually every \_\_\_\_\_\_ row?
A: 4th
B: 5th
C: 6th
D: 7th

Answer 98

D
Explanation:
Chapter 3

Question 99

Question 98:
For any unit area, steel has how many more times the compressive strength than concrete?
A: 10
B: 15
C: 20
D: 25

Answer 99

B
Explanation:
Chapter 8

Question 100

Question 99:
Chief Plant is giving a drill on Fire Rated Suspended Ceiling Panels and made the following statements. Choose the incorrect statement
A: Fire Rated Suspended Ceiling Panels provide no fire resistance
B: If a steel grid of a suspended ceiling comes down, members could become entangled in the grid, confused or trapped in an area that is pitch black, with no idea what happen
C: Personnel should stay close to walls or other internal barriers to total collapse such as shelving, or to be below the net if the ceiling falls
D: If caught in a suspended ceiling collapse, the best procedure might be to roll on to stomach and wriggle out

Answer 100

D
Explanation:
If caught in a suspended ceiling collapse, the best procedure might be to roll on to BACK and wriggle out
Chapter 12

Question 101

Question 100:
Which is an incorrect description of a steel column/beam
A: While steel beams are I-shaped, steel columns are H-shaped, box shaped, or cylindrical
B: Steel beams are shaped liked the letter ”I” because the width determines strength
C: Steel columns are shaped like the letter “H” and of a dimension that permits a circle to be inscribed through the 4 points of the “H”
D: It is more difficult to attach beams to round columns than to rectangular ones, so less efficient rectangular columns are often used

Answer 101

B
Explanation:
Depth determines strength
Chapter 2