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Skin/MSk > Exam 6 infectious disease > Flashcards

Exam 6 infectious disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is necrotizing fasciitis?

A

an infection leading to the necrosis of subcutaneous tissue; severe pain is common

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2
Q

How should you treat necrotizing fasciitis?

A

aggressively through surgery and IV antibiotics and fluids

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3
Q

What is acute infectious arthritis?

A

rapidly progressing joint infection, usually bacterial in origin

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4
Q

What is osteomyelitis?

A

Inflammation and destruction of bone caused by bacteria, mycobacteria, or fungi, causes localized bone pain and tenderness

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5
Q

What usually causes osteomyelitis?

A

contiguous spread or from open wounds

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6
Q

What is myositis?

A

Infection of the muscle that leads to muscle inflammation

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7
Q

What usually causes necrotizing fasciitis?

A

beta-hemolytic group A Streptococcus (S. pyogenes) and sometimes S. aureus

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8
Q

What do most patients have prior to a necrotizing fasciitis infection?

A

recent minor trauma, surgery, or varicella infection

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9
Q

What is the tree for S. pyogenes?

A

Gram+ cocci in chains, Catalase (-), Beta hemolytic, Bacitracin sensitive

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10
Q

What does necrotizing fasciitis typically present with clinicallY/

A

High fever and heart rate, altered mental status, low blood pressure, leukocytosis, positive blood cultures, will have rapid onset, high CRP and ESR, high WBC and banded neutrophils

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11
Q

What would you do to diagnose/treat necrotizing fasciitis initially?

A

gram stain wound, culture the wound, surgical debridement of necrotic tissue

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12
Q

What organism classically causes necrotizing fasciitis in immunocompromised individuals?

A

S. pyogenes

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13
Q

T/F: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a non-specific indicator of tissue damage and inflammation?

A

True; it’s non-specific

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14
Q

When in ESR usually elevated?

A

Anemia, endocarditis, kidney disease, osteomyelitis, pregnancy

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15
Q

What is C-reactive protein involved in?

A

promotion of immune system through activation of the complement cascade; Upregulated due to cytokines released by leukocytes

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16
Q

when is CRP usually elevated?

A

bacterial infections, inflammation, acute rheumatic fever/arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease

17
Q

Explain the classing system of synovial fluid

A

Synovial fluid should be clear/whitish. The more opaque it becomes the more it increases in class. Class IV has blood cells in it due to a ruptured synovial joint and its associated blood vessels

18
Q

What usually causes acute infectious arthritis?

A

Typically S. aureus in older adults, N. gonorrhea in sexually active young adults

19
Q

What do pts with acute infectious arthritis usually present with?

A

Rapid onset, personal history (sexually active/recent surgery), pain, limited ROM, synovial fluid analysis will be abnormal, positive blood cultures

20
Q

What is the tree of Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Gran + cocci in clusters, Catalase (+), Coagulase (+)

21
Q

What is the trea of Neisseria gonorrheae?

A

Gram- diplococci intracellular, Oxidase +, Only oxidizes glucose

22
Q

What to pts with osteomyelitis typically present with?

A

Fever, high pulse, overlying skin is warm and red with multiple necrotic-appearing lesion, high ESR, CRP, WBC (some banded neutrophils)

23
Q

What classically causes osteomyelitis of the spinal cord upon reactivation?

A

TB

24
Q

How should osteomyelitis be treated

A

Antibiotic against specific pathogen

25
Q

What are the main culprits of osteomyelitis?

A

S. aureus, Salmonella typhii, Pasteurella multocida

26
Q

What can cause osteomyelitis from a cat bite?

A

Pasteurella multocida

27
Q

What is the most common virulent factor of bacteria that cause osteomyelitis?

A

contain a capsule to prevent complement and antibodies from binding

28
Q

Why do sickle cell patients more commonly get osteomyelitis due to salmonella?

A

expanded marrow leads to sites of infarction that act as foci for infection, gut becomes devitalized due to intravascular sickling to allow bacteria in, sickle cell pts have decreased bactericidal and opsonic activity against salmonella

29
Q

What are the most common causes of myositis?

A

Clostridium perfringes, Staphylococcus aureus, Coxsackie A and B virus, Flavivirus (dengue fever), can also be caused by helminths Taenia solium and Trichinella spiralis

30
Q

Where does trichinella spiralis typically infect humans

A

Due to eating undercooked meat of an animal that is infected (usually pigs), the parasite encysts inside the muscles

31
Q

Where does trichinella spiralis reproduce?

A

inside the host’s intestine

32
Q

What is the tree of clostridium perfringens?

A

Gram+ bacilli, spore forming, obligate anaerobe, non-motile

33
Q

What organism is Gram+ cocci, Catalase + and Coagulase +?

A

S. aureus

34
Q

What organism is Gram+ cocci, Catalase - and Beta hemolytic?

A

S. pyogenes

Skin/MSk (31 decks)

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