Exam 1 skin physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the critical factor of cutaneous blood flow?

A

arterio-venous anastomoses

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2
Q

What controls cutaneous blood flow?

A

the sympathetic nervous system

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3
Q

What neurotransmitter do preganglionic sympathetic nerves release?

A

acetylcholine

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4
Q

Where kind of receptor does acetylcholine interact with?

A

nicotinic receptor

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5
Q

What neurotransmitter does the postganglionic nerve release to constrict blood vessels? What does it do to blood vessels at alpha-1 receptors?

A

norepinephrine, interact with G-coupled protein receptor

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6
Q

What neurotransmitter is released to vasodilate blood vessels?

A

acetylcholine; interacts with GCPR to make and NO

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7
Q

What causes the pain you feel when your hands are cold?

A

reperfusion of the tissues

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8
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands?

A

Eccrine (temp regulation) Apocrine (stressful)

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9
Q

How is sweat gland secretion controlled?

A

Temp regulators in hypothalamus affecting sympathetic nervous system, eventually releasing acetylcholine to activate muscarinic receptors to increase sweating.

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10
Q

What neurotransmitter activates alpha and beta receptors of apocrine sweat glands?

A

norepinephrine

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11
Q

What pumps are involved in sweat gland secretion

A

NKCC (bringing K, Na, Ca into cell from inside of body), CLCA (push Cl out into lumen) CFTR (chloride antiporter to push Cl out into lumen and transport back in)

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12
Q

What drugs can suppress sweating?

A

Atropine, furosemide, botulinum toxin, propranolol (beta blocker)

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13
Q

What protein channel is defective in cystic fibrosis?

A

CFTR

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14
Q

Explain full mechanism of sweating

A

acetylcholine activates muscarinic receptors, activates NKCC transporter to provide chloride for secretion, Na and H2O follow Cl down electrochemical gradient/osmosis, Na and Cl are reabsorbed by the CFTR

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15
Q

What sets up the electrochemical gradient of Na in sweat gland cells?

A

Na/K pump, you fifth grader

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