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Exam 4 viruses from the pediatrician Flashcards

1
Q

What is the etiology of measles (rubeola)?

A

morbillivirus, paramyxovirus

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2
Q

How is measles (rubeola) transmitted?

A

Nasopharyngeal droplet, direct contact

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3
Q

How long is the incubation of measles (rubeola)?

A

10-12 days

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4
Q

How long are measles (rubeola) patients communicable

A

5th day of incubation to 2-3 days of rash

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5
Q

What are the classic signs of measles (rubeola)?

A

Koplic spots, rash, conjunctivitis, cough, serology

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6
Q

What is the treatment of measles (rubeola)?

A

Symptomatic, vitamin A

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7
Q

What is the etiology of Rubella?

A

rubivirus, togaviridae

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8
Q

How is Rubella transmitted?

A

nasopharyngeal droplet, direct contact, stool, urine

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9
Q

How long is the incubation of Rubella?

A

16-18 days

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10
Q

How long are Rubella pts communicable?

A

7 days before rash, 5 days after rash

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11
Q

What are the classic signs of Rubella?

A

post occiput nodes, rash, serology

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12
Q

what is the treatment of Rubella?

A

symptomatic

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13
Q

What is the etiology of Roseola (exanthem subitum)?

A

HHV-6 and 7

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14
Q

How is Roseola (exanthem subitum) transmitted?

A

nasopharyngeal droplets, high in spring and fall

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15
Q

What is the incubation time of Roseola (exanthem subitum)?

A

~9 days

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16
Q

How long is Roseola (exanthem subitum) communicable?

A

during febrile stage

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17
Q

What are the classic signs of Roseola (exanthem subitum)?

A

high fever for 3 days, defervesing with maculopapular rash

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18
Q

What is the treatment for Roseola (exanthem subitum)?

A

symptomatic

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19
Q

What is the etiology of 5th disease (erythema infectiosum)?

A

parvovirus B19

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20
Q

How is 5th disease (erythema infectiosum) transmitted?

A

nasopharyngeal droplet, blood

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21
Q

How long is the incubation of 5th disease (erythema infectiosum)?

A

4-14 days

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22
Q

How long is 5th disease (erythema infectiosum) communicable?

A

Before onset of symptoms to onset of rash

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23
Q

What are the classic signs of 5th disease (erythema infectiosum)?

A

Slapped cheeks, lacey rash of trunk and arms, serology

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24
Q

What is the treatment of 5th disease (erythema infectiosum)?

A

symptomatic

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25
What is the etiology of Varicella (chickenpox)?
varicella-zoster virus, herpes virus
26
How is Varicella (chickenpox) transmitted?
nasopharyngeal droplet, skin lesions, late spring and winter
27
How long is the incubation of Varicella (chickenpox)?
14-16 days
28
What is the communicability of Varicella (chickenpox)?
1-2 days before to shortly after rash begins, highly contagious
29
What is the classic sign of Varicella (chickenpox)?
down on a rose petal, macule to vesicle 24 hours later, fever, flu symptoms, serology
30
What is the treatment of Varicella (chickenpox)?
symptomatic, acycoclovir, VZIG for immunocompromised, avoid ASA
31
What is the etiology of Shingles (zoster)?
varicella-zoster virus
32
What is the transmission of Shingles (zoster)?
it's a latent disease after chickenpox infection
33
What is the classic sign of Shingles (zoster)?
vesicles clumped into a dermatome
34
What is the etiology of Variola (smallpox)?
poxvirus
35
How is Variola (smallpox) transmitted?
direct contact of skin lesions, mucous membrane, nasopharyngeal droplets
36
What's the incubation time of Variola (smallpox)?
12 days
37
How long is Variola (smallpox) communicable?
Onset of rash to clearing of crusts
38
What are the classic signs of Variola (smallpox)?
centrifugal vesicles that progress at th same rate
39
What is the treatment of Variola (smallpox)?
supportive, VIG within 24 hours of contact
40
What is the treatment of shingles (zoster)?
famcyclovir, valacyclovir as soon as symptoms begin
41
What is the etiology of molluscum contagiosum?
poxvirus
42
How is molluscum contagiosum transmitted?
direct contact, fomites
43
How long does molluscum contagiosum incubate?
2-7 weeks, up to 6 mos
44
How long is molluscum contagiosum communicable?
unknown
45
What are the classic signs of molluscum contagiosum?
papular, waxy lesions with central umbilications, Giemsa stain
46
What is the treatment for molluscum contagiosum?
Mechanical removal, acid, liquid N2
47
What is the etiology of infectious mono?
Epstein-Barr virus, herpes virus
48
How is infectious mono transmitted?
close contact
49
How long is the incubation for infectious mono?
30-50 days
50
How long is infectious mono communicable?
indeterminate, recovery for months
51
What are the classic signs of infectious mono?
fever, pharyngitis, extreme tiredness, lymphadenopathy, heterophile Ab, slide agglutination
52
What is the treatment for infectious mono?
symptomatic, rest, steroids
53
What is the etiology of hand-foot-mouth disease (enteroviral)?
Coxsackievirus, echovirus
54
How is hand-foot-mouth disease (enteroviral) transmitted?
nasopharyngeal droplet, fecal-oral, late summer
55
How long is the incubation of hand-foot-mouth disease (enteroviral)?
3-6 days
56
How long is hand-foot-mouth disease (enteroviral) communicable?
several weeks
57
What are the classic signs of hand-foot-mouth disease (enteroviral)?
lesions on oral mucosa, foot, hand
58
How is hand-foot-mouth disease (enteroviral) treated?
symptomatic
59
What is the etiology of some warts?
papillomavirus
60
How are warts transmitted?
direct contact, sexual
61
How long are warts communicable
only when present
62
How do you diagnose a wart?
Inspection, pap smear, biopsy, acetic acid
63
What is the treatment for warts?
liquid N2, acid, podophyllum
64
what is the etiology of mumps?
paramyxovirus
65
How is mumps transmitted?
nasopharyngeal droplet, salive spread
66
How long is the incubation of mumps?
18 says
67
How long are mums communicable?
7 days before to 9 days after parotid swelling.
68
What are the classic signs of mumps?
Stentson's duct and parotid swelling, serology
69
What is the treatment of mumps?
symptomatic
70
What is the etiology of polio?
polioviruses types 1, 2 and 3, enterovirus
71
How is polio transmitted?
nasopharyngeal droplet, fecal-oral
72
How long is the incubation of polio?
7-14 days (5-35 days)
73
How long is polio communicable?
just before to 6-8 weeks after onset of illness
74
What are the classic signs of polio?
fever, headache, paralysis
75
What is the etiology of rabies?
rhabdovirus
76
How is rabies transmitted?
saliva or bite of infected animal, transplants
77
What is the etiology of scarlet fever?
streptococcus, (staphlococcus, corynebacterium)
78
How is scarlet fever transmitted?
nasopharyngeal secretions, school age, winter and spring
79
How long is the incubation of scarlet fever?
2-5 days
80
How long is scarlet fever communicable?
during stage of acute symptoms to 24 hours after
81
What are the classic signs of scarlet fever?
fever, sore throat, sand-paper rash, Pastia's lines, throat culture, ASO
82
What is the treatment of scarlet fever?
Penicillin for 10 days, symptomatic
83
What is the etiology of meningococcemia?
Neisseria, meningitis
84
How long is the incubation of meningococcemia?
1-10 days
85
How long is meningococcemia communicable?
within 24 hours after treatment
86
What are the classic signs of meningococcemia?
meningitis, purpura, fever, shock, spinal fluid and blood cultures, latex agglutination
87
What is the treatment of meningococcemia?
IV penicillin G, fluids, steroids

Skin/MSk (31 decks)

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