Exam 4 viruses from the pediatrician Flashcards
What is the etiology of measles (rubeola)?
morbillivirus, paramyxovirus
How is measles (rubeola) transmitted?
Nasopharyngeal droplet, direct contact
How long is the incubation of measles (rubeola)?
10-12 days
How long are measles (rubeola) patients communicable
5th day of incubation to 2-3 days of rash
What are the classic signs of measles (rubeola)?
Koplic spots, rash, conjunctivitis, cough, serology
What is the treatment of measles (rubeola)?
Symptomatic, vitamin A
What is the etiology of Rubella?
rubivirus, togaviridae
How is Rubella transmitted?
nasopharyngeal droplet, direct contact, stool, urine
How long is the incubation of Rubella?
16-18 days
How long are Rubella pts communicable?
7 days before rash, 5 days after rash
What are the classic signs of Rubella?
post occiput nodes, rash, serology
what is the treatment of Rubella?
symptomatic
What is the etiology of Roseola (exanthem subitum)?
HHV-6 and 7
How is Roseola (exanthem subitum) transmitted?
nasopharyngeal droplets, high in spring and fall
What is the incubation time of Roseola (exanthem subitum)?
~9 days
How long is Roseola (exanthem subitum) communicable?
during febrile stage
What are the classic signs of Roseola (exanthem subitum)?
high fever for 3 days, defervesing with maculopapular rash
What is the treatment for Roseola (exanthem subitum)?
symptomatic
What is the etiology of 5th disease (erythema infectiosum)?
parvovirus B19
How is 5th disease (erythema infectiosum) transmitted?
nasopharyngeal droplet, blood
How long is the incubation of 5th disease (erythema infectiosum)?
4-14 days
How long is 5th disease (erythema infectiosum) communicable?
Before onset of symptoms to onset of rash
What are the classic signs of 5th disease (erythema infectiosum)?
Slapped cheeks, lacey rash of trunk and arms, serology
What is the treatment of 5th disease (erythema infectiosum)?
symptomatic
What is the etiology of Varicella (chickenpox)?
varicella-zoster virus, herpes virus
How is Varicella (chickenpox) transmitted?
nasopharyngeal droplet, skin lesions, late spring and winter
How long is the incubation of Varicella (chickenpox)?
14-16 days
What is the communicability of Varicella (chickenpox)?
1-2 days before to shortly after rash begins, highly contagious
What is the classic sign of Varicella (chickenpox)?
down on a rose petal, macule to vesicle 24 hours later, fever, flu symptoms, serology
What is the treatment of Varicella (chickenpox)?
symptomatic, acycoclovir, VZIG for immunocompromised, avoid ASA
What is the etiology of Shingles (zoster)?
varicella-zoster virus
What is the transmission of Shingles (zoster)?
it’s a latent disease after chickenpox infection
What is the classic sign of Shingles (zoster)?
vesicles clumped into a dermatome
What is the etiology of Variola (smallpox)?
poxvirus
How is Variola (smallpox) transmitted?
direct contact of skin lesions, mucous membrane, nasopharyngeal droplets
What’s the incubation time of Variola (smallpox)?
12 days
How long is Variola (smallpox) communicable?
Onset of rash to clearing of crusts
What are the classic signs of Variola (smallpox)?
centrifugal vesicles that progress at th same rate
What is the treatment of Variola (smallpox)?
supportive, VIG within 24 hours of contact
What is the treatment of shingles (zoster)?
famcyclovir, valacyclovir as soon as symptoms begin
What is the etiology of molluscum contagiosum?
poxvirus
How is molluscum contagiosum transmitted?
direct contact, fomites
How long does molluscum contagiosum incubate?
2-7 weeks, up to 6 mos
How long is molluscum contagiosum communicable?
unknown
What are the classic signs of molluscum contagiosum?
papular, waxy lesions with central umbilications, Giemsa stain
What is the treatment for molluscum contagiosum?
Mechanical removal, acid, liquid N2
What is the etiology of infectious mono?
Epstein-Barr virus, herpes virus
How is infectious mono transmitted?
close contact
How long is the incubation for infectious mono?
30-50 days
How long is infectious mono communicable?
indeterminate, recovery for months
What are the classic signs of infectious mono?
fever, pharyngitis, extreme tiredness, lymphadenopathy, heterophile Ab, slide agglutination
What is the treatment for infectious mono?
symptomatic, rest, steroids
What is the etiology of hand-foot-mouth disease (enteroviral)?
Coxsackievirus, echovirus
How is hand-foot-mouth disease (enteroviral) transmitted?
nasopharyngeal droplet, fecal-oral, late summer
How long is the incubation of hand-foot-mouth disease (enteroviral)?
3-6 days
How long is hand-foot-mouth disease (enteroviral) communicable?
several weeks
What are the classic signs of hand-foot-mouth disease (enteroviral)?
lesions on oral mucosa, foot, hand
How is hand-foot-mouth disease (enteroviral) treated?
symptomatic
What is the etiology of some warts?
papillomavirus
How are warts transmitted?
direct contact, sexual
How long are warts communicable
only when present
How do you diagnose a wart?
Inspection, pap smear, biopsy, acetic acid
What is the treatment for warts?
liquid N2, acid, podophyllum
what is the etiology of mumps?
paramyxovirus
How is mumps transmitted?
nasopharyngeal droplet, salive spread
How long is the incubation of mumps?
18 says
How long are mums communicable?
7 days before to 9 days after parotid swelling.
What are the classic signs of mumps?
Stentson’s duct and parotid swelling, serology
What is the treatment of mumps?
symptomatic
What is the etiology of polio?
polioviruses types 1, 2 and 3, enterovirus
How is polio transmitted?
nasopharyngeal droplet, fecal-oral
How long is the incubation of polio?
7-14 days (5-35 days)
How long is polio communicable?
just before to 6-8 weeks after onset of illness
What are the classic signs of polio?
fever, headache, paralysis
What is the etiology of rabies?
rhabdovirus
How is rabies transmitted?
saliva or bite of infected animal, transplants
What is the etiology of scarlet fever?
streptococcus, (staphlococcus, corynebacterium)
How is scarlet fever transmitted?
nasopharyngeal secretions, school age, winter and spring
How long is the incubation of scarlet fever?
2-5 days
How long is scarlet fever communicable?
during stage of acute symptoms to 24 hours after
What are the classic signs of scarlet fever?
fever, sore throat, sand-paper rash, Pastia’s lines, throat culture, ASO
What is the treatment of scarlet fever?
Penicillin for 10 days, symptomatic
What is the etiology of meningococcemia?
Neisseria, meningitis
How long is the incubation of meningococcemia?
1-10 days
How long is meningococcemia communicable?
within 24 hours after treatment
What are the classic signs of meningococcemia?
meningitis, purpura, fever, shock, spinal fluid and blood cultures, latex agglutination
What is the treatment of meningococcemia?
IV penicillin G, fluids, steroids