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Nursing 120 > Exam 5 - Substance Abuse > Flashcards

Exam 5 - Substance Abuse Flashcards

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1
Q

define substance abuse

A

use of psychoactive drug that poses a risk to health

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2
Q

define addiction

A

chronic relapsing brain disease that is characterized by constant seeking

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3
Q

define tolerance

A

the response from a specific dose that is smaller than the initial

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4
Q

what is cross tolerance

A

tolerance to one drug confers tolerance to another drug in the same class

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5
Q

psychological dependence

A

the intense subjective need for a drug

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6
Q

what is abstinence syndrome

A

withdrawal; signs and symptoms when they discontinue physical use of drug

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7
Q

physical dependence

A

a state in which abstinence syndrome will occur if the drug is discontinueD

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8
Q

what are biological factors that affect addictive behaviors

A

genetics and biochemical(reward center wants more)

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9
Q

what are psychological factors that affect addictive behaviors

A

developmental factors

personality factors

last part of brain to develop is impulse control

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10
Q

what are sociocultural factors that affect addictive behavior

A

modeling and imitation
conditioning
cultural and ethnic influences

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11
Q

what are the common prescriptions that are abused?

A

opioids
CNS depressants
stimulants

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12
Q

early signs of opioid withdrawal

A 
(AADIIMY)
agitation
anxiety
muscle aches
increased lacrimation
insomnia
rhinorrhea 
diaphoresis
yawning
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13
Q

late signs of opioid withdrawal

A 
abdominal cramping
diarrhea
mydriasis (dilated pupils)
piloerection
nausea
vomitting
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14
Q

withdrawal medications for opioids

A

clonidine
antiemetics
antidiarrheals
buepinephrine

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15
Q

what does clonidine do?

A

decrease anxiety, agitation, muscle aches, diaphoresis, running nose and cramping

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16
Q

how do you assess severity of symptoms for withdrawal of opioids?

A

COW scale

meant for buepinephrine

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17
Q

what are complications that can occur during opioid withdrawal

A

dehydration
electrolyte imbalance
aspiration

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18
Q

what are the alcohol intoxication stages?

A 
euphoria 
lethargy
confusion
stupor
coma
death
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19
Q

BAC for euphoria

A

0.3 to .12

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20
Q

BAC for lethargy

A

.09 to .25

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21
Q

BAC for confusion

A

.18 to .30

22
Q

BAC for stupor

A

.25 to .40

23
Q

BAC for coma

A

.35 to .50

24
Q

BAC for death

A

.5 and above

25
Q

signs of alcohol euphoria

A

shortened attention span
flushed
poor judgement
troubles with fine movement

26
Q

signs of lethargy alcohol

A 
sleepy
trouble understanding and remembering
slow reaction
uncoordinated movements
blurry vision
decreased sensory reception
27
Q

signs of confusion for alcohol

A 
confusion
dizzy
uncoordinated
highly emotional
cannot see clear
slurred speech
no pain
28
Q

signs for stupor alcohol

A 
can barely move
cannot stand or walk
cannot respond to stimuli
may vomit
in and out of consciousness
29
Q

signs for coma alcohol

A 
unconsciousness
decreased reflex
decrease body temp
slow shallow resp
HR slow
death can occur
30
Q

signs for death alcohol

A

CNS fails

breathing stops

31
Q

what are short term effects of alcohol

A 
gi irritation
increase blood flow to skin
aches swelling
weakness
inhibit antidiuretic hormone
increase urinary excretion of magnesium
32
Q

why is it important to keep a close eye on the intoxicated patient?

A

prevent falls and injury and aspiration

33
Q

why is hydration important during alcohol intoxication?

A

to prevent dehydrated effects of alcohol

34
Q

how is thiamine used during alcohol intoxication?

A

prevent wernicke-korsakoff syndrome

35
Q

how is thiamine administered?

A

PO or IV

36
Q

what is wernickes korsakoff?

A

wern –> encephalapthy from thiamine def

kors –> memory issue r/t thiamine(b12) def

37
Q

what are the physical effects of chronic alcohol abuse?

A 
myopathy
peripheral neurapthy
malnutrition 
wernicke korsakoff
cardiomyopathy
pancreatitis
sexual dysfunction
38
Q

when might pancreatitis occur?

A

1 to 2 days after binge drinking

39
Q

what are the medications used for alcohol withdrawal?

A

benzodiazepines
lorazepam (ativan)
librium
thiamine, folic acid, multivitamin

40
Q

how does benzos help alcohol withdrawal

A

sedate to help anxiety and agitation

41
Q

what are treatments for alcohol withdrawal

A 
medications
IV fluids
physical environment
reorientation
observation
42
Q

what is the scale to use for alcohol withdrawal severity?

A

CIWA

43
Q

what questions do we ask to assess for alcohol abuse and misuse?

A

CAGE questions

  1. CUT DOWN
  2. ANNOYED
  3. GUILT
  4. EYE OPENER
44
Q

what are drugs used for alcohol treatment

A

reviva (naltrexone)
campral
antabuse

45
Q

what is reviva or naltrexone?

A

opioid receptor antagonist

46
Q

what is campral?

A

reduced symptoms of post acute alcohol withdrawal

47
Q

what is antabuse?

A

acute sensitivity to alcohol

48
Q

what are the 3 levels of prevention of substance abuse

A

primary
secondary
tertiary

49
Q

what is primary prevention of substance abuse

A

school and community based

50
Q

what is secondary substance abuse prevention

A

assess and intervene

51
Q

what is tertiary prevention of substance abuse

A

monitor withdrawal and relapse prevention

Nursing 120 (21 decks)

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