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Nursing 120 > Exam 5 - Special Senses > Flashcards

Exam 5 - Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

“lazy eye” or when the eye and brain are not working together properly and the brain favors the other eye - vision can be reduced

A

amblyopia

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2
Q

eye is shaped like a cone or football and light is bent more one way and not evenly., partial object is in focus

can be fixed with contacts, glasses, or surgery

A

astigmatism

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3
Q

bacteria and oily flakes at the base of your eyelashes. Your eyelids are red, swollen, or feel like they are burning.

A

blepharitis

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4
Q

inflammation of conjuctiva

A

conjuctivitis or pink eye

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5
Q

what is the conjuctiva

A

the clear tissue that covers the eye ball and lines the inside of the eyelid

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6
Q

is a condition in which your eyelid turns outward. This leaves the inner eyelid surface exposed and prone to irritation.

A

ectropion

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7
Q

medical condition in which the eyelid (usually the lower lid) folds inward. It is very uncomfortable, as the eyelashes continuously rub against the cornea causing irritation

A

entropion

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8
Q

localized infection or inflammation of the eyelid margin involving hair follicles of the eyelashes or meibomian glands.

usually is painful, erythematous, and localized. It may produce edema of the entire lid. Purulent material exudes from the eyelash line in external hordeola, while internal hordeola suppurate on the conjunctival surface of eyelid.

A

Hordeolum

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9
Q

vision condition in which distant objects can be seen clearly, but close ones do not come into proper focus. Farsightedness occurs if your eyeball is too short or the cornea has too little curvature. In these cases, your eye can’t correctly focus the light that enters it.

A

hyperopia or farsightedness

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10
Q

inflammation of the cornea — the clear, dome-shaped tissue on the front of your eye that covers the pupil and iris

A

keratitis

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11
Q

inflammatory disorder of the inner ear, or labyrinth. Clinically, this condition produces disturbances of balance and hearing to varying degrees and may affectone or both ears. Bacteria or viruses can cause acute inflammation of the labyrinth in conjunction with either local or systemic infections.

A

labrynthitis

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12
Q

caused by the deterioration of the central portion of the retina, the inside back layer of the eye that records the images we see and sends them via the optic nerve from the eye to the brain. The retina’s central portion, known as the macula, is responsible for focusing central vision in the eye, and it controls our ability to read, drive a car, recognize faces or colors, and see objects in fine detail.

A

macular degeneration

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13
Q

result of an infection that extends to the air cells of the skull behind the ear. Specifically, it is an inflammation of the mucosal lining of the mastoid antrum and mastoid air cell system inside the mastoid process

A

mastoiditis

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14
Q

occurs when the eyeball is too long, relative to the focusing power of the cornea and lens of the eye. This causes light rays to focus at a point in front of the retina, rather than directly on its surface.

A

myopia or nearsightedness

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15
Q

, also known as swimmer’s ear,[1] is an inflammation of the ear canal.[2] It often presents with ear pain, swelling of the ear canal, and occasionally decreased hearing.[2] Typically there is pain with movement of the outer ear. A high fever is typically not present except in severe cases

A

otitis externa

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16
Q

group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear

A

otitis media

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17
Q

age-related hearing loss, is the cumulative effect of aging on hearing. It is a progressive and irreversible bilateral symmetrical age-related sensorineural hearing loss resulting from degeneration of the cochlea or associated structures of the inner ear or auditory nerves. The hearing loss is most marked at higher frequencies.

A

presbycusis

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18
Q

is a condition associated with aging of the eye that results in progressively worsening ability to focus clearly on close objects

A

presbyopia

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19
Q

drooping of the upper or lower eyelid

A

ptosis

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20
Q

is a problem with focusing of light on the retina due to the shape of the eye

A

refractive error

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21
Q

measure of how well you understand what you hear when speech is loud enough to hear comfortably

A

speech discriminnation

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22
Q

what are the numbers for speech discrimination

A

0% is not understanding anything you hear

and 100% is everything you hear

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23
Q

This is used with older children and adults, and helps to confirm the pure-tone test results. The SRT records the faintest speech that can be heard half the time.

A

speech reception threshold

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24
Q

inflammation of the uvea, the pigmented layer that lies between the inner retina and the outer fibrous layer composed of the sclera and cornea

A

uveaitis

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25
Q

what are the visual acuity exams for the eye

A 
snellen and amsler grid
corneal light reflex
motor exam/6 cardinal fields
visual 
color
litmus vision screen
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26
Q

what are the red eye complaints (10)

A 
conjunctivitis
herpes simplex keratitis 
scleritis 
angle closure glaucoma
adnexal disease
subconjunctival hemorrhage 
ptergium 
keratoconjunctivtis 
abrasions and foreign body
abnormal lid function
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27
Q 
check visual acuity
inspect redness pattern
inspect discharge
observe the cornea
examine the anterior chamber
examine the pupils for irregularity
check intraocular pressure
examine the lid for disorders

all are necessary for what

A

evaluating red eye

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28
Q

what is conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of conjuctiva, inner layer of lid and outer layer of eye

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29
Q

what are the 3 types of conjunctivitis

A

contagious (infection)
allergic
non allergic (foreign body)

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30
Q

manifestation of conjuctivitis

A

exudate
burning
gritty sensation

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31
Q

treatment for conjunctivitis

A

topical antibiotics

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32
Q

what is herpes simplex keratitis

A

inflammation of cornea caused by herpes

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33
Q

how do you prevent herpes simplex keratitis from being worse or exacerbating

A

stress and sun exposure

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34
Q

how do you treat herpes simplex keratitis

A

topical antiviral corticosteroid

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35
Q

what is scleritis

A

inflammation of scleritis

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36
Q

how is scleritis caused

A

infection
chemical injuries
autoimmune disease (RA and SLE)
menstration issues

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37
Q

what is the first symptoms of autoimmune connective tissue disorder

A

scleritis

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38
Q

who is most at risk for slceritis

A

30-50yo women

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39
Q

what is the treatment for scleritis

A

NSAID, methotrexate or corticosteroid

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40
Q

what is angle closure glaucoma

A

sudden closure of anterior chamber angle by iris tissue

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41
Q

what is the incidence of angle closure glaucoma

A

only 10 % of actual glaucoma

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42
Q

what is the difference between open and closed glaucoma

A

open is eye pressure

closed is intraocular pressure

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43
Q

what is the treatment for closed angle glaucoma

A

reduce fluid

emergency

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44
Q

what are manifestations of closed glaucoma

A

eye pain
redness
halo lights

45
Q

what does adnexal mean

A

surrounding the eye

46
Q

what is the types of adnexal complaints

A

stye
blepharitis
lid/vascular lesions
dacryocystitis

47
Q

what is dacryocysitis

A

tear duct infection or “infection of glacromol sacs

48
Q

how do we prevent and treat adnexal complaints

A

warm cloth
antibiotic
keep clean

49
Q

what is a stye

A

inflammation of sebaceous gland

50
Q

what is a subconjuctival hemorrhage

A

minor eye trauma that causes a small blood vessel to burst

51
Q

what may cause a subconjuctival hemorrhage?

A

trauma
coughing
sneezing
exercise

52
Q

is a subconjuctival hermorrhage sever?

A

no it is harmless and may just cause discomfort, eye changes sometimes if severe

53
Q

what may lead to a subconjuctival hemorrhage

A

HTN
dibetes
blood clot disorder
anticoagulants

54
Q

what is pterygium

A

wedged shaped fibrovascular growth of conjuctiva extends into cornea

55
Q

what are the treatments and prevention of a pterygium

A

corticosteroids
sunglasses
hats
eye drops

56
Q

what is keratoconjuctivitis

A

dry eye

57
Q

what is a cataract

A

opacity in crystalline lens that interferes with transmission of light to the retina

58
Q 
genetic predisposition 
aging
cumulative UV light exposure
corticosteroids
infection
trauma
some systemic conditions
smoking
exposure to toxic substances

may all lead to what?

A

cataracts

59
Q

what is the leading cause of blindness

A

cataracts

60
Q

what are education points for cataract surgery recovery

A 
leave covering on
limit activity for 24 hours
no rubbing eye
no lifting more than 5 lbs
cough and sneeze with eyes and mouth open
sleep on opposite side of surgery
elevate HOB
instill drops
tylenol
no ASA
61
Q

when should you call your doctor after surgery for cataracts

A 
pain not relieved
vomitting
acuity worsens
photophobia
swelling
62
Q

what happens during glaucoma

A

pressure damages optic nerve

63
Q

what pressure typically diagnoses glaucoma

A

something over 22 mmHg

64
Q

pathlogic glaucoma effect

A

edema in retina
optic nerve compress
compression of arteries around optic
can’t drain

65
Q 
manifestations of infection
manifestation of increase IO pressure
eye protection
medications and instillation
scheduled follow up
surgical site care

all are for what?

A

post op glaucoma

66
Q

what are manifestations of retinapathy

A 
black grey specks
streaks
vision loss
pain pressure
hard at night
67
Q

what causes retinapathy

A

diabetes

68
Q

how to help and prevent retinopathy

A

control BG and BP

cauterize ocular BV

69
Q

what is retinal detachment

A

tear in retina

separation of sensory retina from pigment epithelium and fluid is in between layers

70
Q

what is the outcome if retina is not prevented from detaching

A

retina dies

71
Q

etiology of retinal detachment

A

inflammation and separation

72
Q

what is the manifestation of retinal detachment

A

black curtain falling

no pain

73
Q

what is the predisposing risk factors for retinal detachment

A 
aging
cataract extraction
deregulation of retina
trauma
near sighted
previous experience
family and congenital
diabetes
74
Q

what is macular degeneration

A

thinning and atrophy of macula, loss of central vision

75
Q

what does the macula do

A

cones and rods

76
Q

what are the two types of macular degeneration

A

wet(advanced) and dry

77
Q

what is the most common type of macular degeneration

A

dry

78
Q

what is dry MD

A

blockage of blood vessel

79
Q

how to treat dry MD

A

support and prevent with vitamin

80
Q

how to treat wet MD

A

surgery

81
Q

what is wet MD

A

more bleeding and fluids and such

82
Q

factors of MD (9)

A 
aging/gender (55, cauc, woman)
smoking
obesity
cardiovascular disease
hypertension(cholesterol)
race
light colored iris
am history
diabetes
83
Q

how to diagnose MD

A

visual acuity
dilated eye
tonometry
amsler grid

84
Q

what is tonometry

A

pressure test

85
Q

instructions for cleansing eyes in emergency

A

irrigate for 10-20 min
with sterile saline or water
remove contacts

86
Q

what are the ear diagnostic tests

A

weber

rinne

87
Q

what are the vestibular acuity tests

A

romberg

nystagmus

88
Q

what are audiometric tests

A

audiography
tympanometry
electrocochleography

89
Q

what is weber

A

the above the head test

sensorineural hearing loss

90
Q

what is rinne

A

the bone test on mastoid

conductive

91
Q

what is conductive hearing loss

A

hearing loss due to the structure of outer or middle ear

92
Q

what is sensorineural hearing loss

A

damage to the cranial nerve 8

cochlear hair cells

93
Q

what are signs and symptoms of conductive hearing loss

A

muffled complaints

faint hearing

94
Q

what are signs and symptoms of sensorineural hearing loss

A 
ringing in hear
higher pitches muffled 
dizziness
vertigo
trouble speaking and speech
95
Q

what is sensorineural treatment

A 
surgery
corticosteroids for inflamation
hearing aids
ASL 
speech therapy
96
Q

what is conductive treatment

A

antibiotics or anti fungal
surgery
hearing aids

97
Q

what is otosclerosis

A

repeat absorption of redeposit of abnormal bone

98
Q

what is the risk factor for otosclerosis

A

women and genetics

99
Q

what are the manifestations of otosclerosis

A

haearing loss and tinnitus

100
Q

what is the treatment for otosclerosis

A

surgery

101
Q

what is meiners diseases

A

vertigo
sensorineural hearing loss
tinnitus
feeling of fullness in ear

102
Q

treatment for menieres disease (9)

A 
no cure
low sodium diet
no caffeine or alf
anticholinergic for vertigo
anti nausea
diuretics
balance ex
smoking
surgery to remove endolymph
103
Q

what is ototoxic drugs

A 
aminoglycoside
antibiotics
chemo therapy
caffeine
treatment of malaria
ASA
NSAID
loop diuretics
104
Q

what are the names of the ototoxic drugs

A 
gentamyocin
erythromyocin
vancomyocin
cisplatin
bleomycin
lasix
bumex
105
Q

what are meds related to ears

A

antiinfective
antihistmine
local anesthetics
ceruminolytic meds

106
Q

what are vestibular neuronitis (labynthitis) manifestations

A

vertigo
nausea
vomitting

107
Q

general things for ear surgery post op

A 
blow nose gently
cough with mouth open
no shampoo, keep dry
wear noise protection
no alt changes
only tylenol
108
Q

what should you be weary about with labynthitis

A

can lead to meningitis

Nursing 120 (21 decks)

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