Exam 5 - Special Senses

Question 1

“lazy eye” or when the eye and brain are not working together properly and the brain favors the other eye - vision can be reduced

Answer 1

amblyopia

Question 2

eye is shaped like a cone or football and light is bent more one way and not evenly., partial object is in focus

can be fixed with contacts, glasses, or surgery

Answer 2

astigmatism

Question 3

bacteria and oily flakes at the base of your eyelashes. Your eyelids are red, swollen, or feel like they are burning.

Answer 3

blepharitis

Question 4

inflammation of conjuctiva

Answer 4

conjuctivitis or pink eye

Question 5

what is the conjuctiva

Answer 5

the clear tissue that covers the eye ball and lines the inside of the eyelid

Question 6

is a condition in which your eyelid turns outward. This leaves the inner eyelid surface exposed and prone to irritation.

Answer 6

ectropion

Question 7

medical condition in which the eyelid (usually the lower lid) folds inward. It is very uncomfortable, as the eyelashes continuously rub against the cornea causing irritation

Answer 7

entropion

Question 8

localized infection or inflammation of the eyelid margin involving hair follicles of the eyelashes or meibomian glands.

usually is painful, erythematous, and localized. It may produce edema of the entire lid. Purulent material exudes from the eyelash line in external hordeola, while internal hordeola suppurate on the conjunctival surface of eyelid.

Answer 8

Hordeolum

Question 9

vision condition in which distant objects can be seen clearly, but close ones do not come into proper focus. Farsightedness occurs if your eyeball is too short or the cornea has too little curvature. In these cases, your eye can’t correctly focus the light that enters it.

Answer 9

hyperopia or farsightedness

Question 10

inflammation of the cornea — the clear, dome-shaped tissue on the front of your eye that covers the pupil and iris

Answer 10

keratitis

Question 11

inflammatory disorder of the inner ear, or labyrinth. Clinically, this condition produces disturbances of balance and hearing to varying degrees and may affectone or both ears. Bacteria or viruses can cause acute inflammation of the labyrinth in conjunction with either local or systemic infections.

Answer 11

labrynthitis

Question 12

caused by the deterioration of the central portion of the retina, the inside back layer of the eye that records the images we see and sends them via the optic nerve from the eye to the brain. The retina’s central portion, known as the macula, is responsible for focusing central vision in the eye, and it controls our ability to read, drive a car, recognize faces or colors, and see objects in fine detail.

Answer 12

macular degeneration

Question 13

result of an infection that extends to the air cells of the skull behind the ear. Specifically, it is an inflammation of the mucosal lining of the mastoid antrum and mastoid air cell system inside the mastoid process

Answer 13

mastoiditis

Question 14

occurs when the eyeball is too long, relative to the focusing power of the cornea and lens of the eye. This causes light rays to focus at a point in front of the retina, rather than directly on its surface.

Answer 14

myopia or nearsightedness

Question 15

, also known as swimmer’s ear,[1] is an inflammation of the ear canal.[2] It often presents with ear pain, swelling of the ear canal, and occasionally decreased hearing.[2] Typically there is pain with movement of the outer ear. A high fever is typically not present except in severe cases

Answer 15

otitis externa

Question 16

group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear

Answer 16

otitis media

Question 17

age-related hearing loss, is the cumulative effect of aging on hearing. It is a progressive and irreversible bilateral symmetrical age-related sensorineural hearing loss resulting from degeneration of the cochlea or associated structures of the inner ear or auditory nerves. The hearing loss is most marked at higher frequencies.

Answer 17

presbycusis

Question 18

is a condition associated with aging of the eye that results in progressively worsening ability to focus clearly on close objects

Answer 18

presbyopia

Question 19

drooping of the upper or lower eyelid

Answer 19

ptosis

Question 20

is a problem with focusing of light on the retina due to the shape of the eye

Answer 20

refractive error

Question 21

measure of how well you understand what you hear when speech is loud enough to hear comfortably

Answer 21

speech discriminnation

Question 22

what are the numbers for speech discrimination

Answer 22

0% is not understanding anything you hear

and 100% is everything you hear

Question 23

This is used with older children and adults, and helps to confirm the pure-tone test results. The SRT records the faintest speech that can be heard half the time.

Answer 23

speech reception threshold

Question 24

inflammation of the uvea, the pigmented layer that lies between the inner retina and the outer fibrous layer composed of the sclera and cornea

Answer 24

uveaitis

Question 25

what are the visual acuity exams for the eye

Answer 25

``` snellen and amsler grid corneal light reflex motor exam/6 cardinal fields visual color litmus vision screen ```

Question 26

what are the red eye complaints (10)

Answer 26

``` conjunctivitis herpes simplex keratitis scleritis angle closure glaucoma adnexal disease subconjunctival hemorrhage ptergium keratoconjunctivtis abrasions and foreign body abnormal lid function ```

Question 27

``` check visual acuity inspect redness pattern inspect discharge observe the cornea examine the anterior chamber examine the pupils for irregularity check intraocular pressure examine the lid for disorders ``` all are necessary for what

Answer 27

evaluating red eye

Question 28

what is conjunctivitis

Answer 28

inflammation of conjuctiva, inner layer of lid and outer layer of eye

Question 29

what are the 3 types of conjunctivitis

Answer 29

contagious (infection) allergic non allergic (foreign body)

Question 30

manifestation of conjuctivitis

Answer 30

exudate burning gritty sensation

Question 31

treatment for conjunctivitis

Answer 31

topical antibiotics

Question 32

what is herpes simplex keratitis

Answer 32

inflammation of cornea caused by herpes

Question 33

how do you prevent herpes simplex keratitis from being worse or exacerbating

Answer 33

stress and sun exposure

Question 34

how do you treat herpes simplex keratitis

Answer 34

topical antiviral corticosteroid

Question 35

what is scleritis

Answer 35

inflammation of scleritis

Question 36

how is scleritis caused

Answer 36

infection chemical injuries autoimmune disease (RA and SLE) menstration issues

Question 37

what is the first symptoms of autoimmune connective tissue disorder

Answer 37

scleritis

Question 38

who is most at risk for slceritis

Answer 38

30-50yo women

Question 39

what is the treatment for scleritis

Answer 39

NSAID, methotrexate or corticosteroid

Question 40

what is angle closure glaucoma

Answer 40

sudden closure of anterior chamber angle by iris tissue

Question 41

what is the incidence of angle closure glaucoma

Answer 41

only 10 % of actual glaucoma

Question 42

what is the difference between open and closed glaucoma

Answer 42

open is eye pressure | closed is intraocular pressure

Question 43

what is the treatment for closed angle glaucoma

Answer 43

reduce fluid | emergency

Question 44

what are manifestations of closed glaucoma

Answer 44

eye pain redness halo lights

Question 45

what does adnexal mean

Answer 45

surrounding the eye

Question 46

what is the types of adnexal complaints

Answer 46

stye blepharitis lid/vascular lesions dacryocystitis

Question 47

what is dacryocysitis

Answer 47

tear duct infection or "infection of glacromol sacs

Question 48

how do we prevent and treat adnexal complaints

Answer 48

warm cloth antibiotic keep clean

Question 49

what is a stye

Answer 49

inflammation of sebaceous gland

Question 50

what is a subconjuctival hemorrhage

Answer 50

minor eye trauma that causes a small blood vessel to burst

Question 51

what may cause a subconjuctival hemorrhage?

Answer 51

trauma coughing sneezing exercise

Question 52

is a subconjuctival hermorrhage sever?

Answer 52

no it is harmless and may just cause discomfort, eye changes sometimes if severe

Question 53

what may lead to a subconjuctival hemorrhage

Answer 53

HTN dibetes blood clot disorder anticoagulants

Question 54

what is pterygium

Answer 54

wedged shaped fibrovascular growth of conjuctiva extends into cornea

Question 55

what are the treatments and prevention of a pterygium

Answer 55

corticosteroids sunglasses hats eye drops

Question 56

what is keratoconjuctivitis

Answer 56

dry eye

Question 57

what is a cataract

Answer 57

opacity in crystalline lens that interferes with transmission of light to the retina

Question 58

``` genetic predisposition aging cumulative UV light exposure corticosteroids infection trauma some systemic conditions smoking exposure to toxic substances ``` may all lead to what?

Answer 58

cataracts

Question 59

what is the leading cause of blindness

Answer 59

cataracts

Question 60

what are education points for cataract surgery recovery

Answer 60

``` leave covering on limit activity for 24 hours no rubbing eye no lifting more than 5 lbs cough and sneeze with eyes and mouth open sleep on opposite side of surgery elevate HOB instill drops tylenol no ASA ```

Question 61

when should you call your doctor after surgery for cataracts

Answer 61

``` pain not relieved vomitting acuity worsens photophobia swelling ```

Question 62

what happens during glaucoma

Answer 62

pressure damages optic nerve

Question 63

what pressure typically diagnoses glaucoma

Answer 63

something over 22 mmHg

Question 64

pathlogic glaucoma effect

Answer 64

edema in retina optic nerve compress compression of arteries around optic can't drain

Question 65

``` manifestations of infection manifestation of increase IO pressure eye protection medications and instillation scheduled follow up surgical site care ``` all are for what?

Answer 65

post op glaucoma

Question 66

what are manifestations of retinapathy

Answer 66

``` black grey specks streaks vision loss pain pressure hard at night ```

Question 67

what causes retinapathy

Answer 67

diabetes

Question 68

how to help and prevent retinopathy

Answer 68

control BG and BP | cauterize ocular BV

Question 69

what is retinal detachment

Answer 69

tear in retina | separation of sensory retina from pigment epithelium and fluid is in between layers

Question 70

what is the outcome if retina is not prevented from detaching

Answer 70

retina dies

Question 71

etiology of retinal detachment

Answer 71

inflammation and separation

Question 72

what is the manifestation of retinal detachment

Answer 72

black curtain falling | no pain

Question 73

what is the predisposing risk factors for retinal detachment

Answer 73

``` aging cataract extraction deregulation of retina trauma near sighted previous experience family and congenital diabetes ```

Question 74

what is macular degeneration

Answer 74

thinning and atrophy of macula, loss of central vision

Question 75

what does the macula do

Answer 75

cones and rods

Question 76

what are the two types of macular degeneration

Answer 76

wet(advanced) and dry

Question 77

what is the most common type of macular degeneration

Answer 77

dry

Question 78

what is dry MD

Answer 78

blockage of blood vessel

Question 79

how to treat dry MD

Answer 79

support and prevent with vitamin

Question 80

how to treat wet MD

Answer 80

surgery

Question 81

what is wet MD

Answer 81

more bleeding and fluids and such

Question 82

factors of MD (9)

Answer 82

``` aging/gender (55, cauc, woman) smoking obesity cardiovascular disease hypertension(cholesterol) race light colored iris am history diabetes ```

Question 83

how to diagnose MD

Answer 83

visual acuity dilated eye tonometry amsler grid

Question 84

what is tonometry

Answer 84

pressure test

Question 85

instructions for cleansing eyes in emergency

Answer 85

irrigate for 10-20 min with sterile saline or water remove contacts

Question 86

what are the ear diagnostic tests

Answer 86

weber | rinne

Question 87

what are the vestibular acuity tests

Answer 87

romberg | nystagmus

Question 88

what are audiometric tests

Answer 88

audiography tympanometry electrocochleography

Question 89

what is weber

Answer 89

the above the head test | sensorineural hearing loss

Question 90

what is rinne

Answer 90

the bone test on mastoid | conductive

Question 91

what is conductive hearing loss

Answer 91

hearing loss due to the structure of outer or middle ear

Question 92

what is sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 92

damage to the cranial nerve 8 | cochlear hair cells

Question 93

what are signs and symptoms of conductive hearing loss

Answer 93

muffled complaints | faint hearing

Question 94

what are signs and symptoms of sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 94

``` ringing in hear higher pitches muffled dizziness vertigo trouble speaking and speech ```

Question 95

what is sensorineural treatment

Answer 95

``` surgery corticosteroids for inflamation hearing aids ASL speech therapy ```

Question 96

what is conductive treatment

Answer 96

antibiotics or anti fungal surgery hearing aids

Question 97

what is otosclerosis

Answer 97

repeat absorption of redeposit of abnormal bone

Question 98

what is the risk factor for otosclerosis

Answer 98

women and genetics

Question 99

what are the manifestations of otosclerosis

Answer 99

haearing loss and tinnitus

Question 100

what is the treatment for otosclerosis

Answer 100

surgery

Question 101

what is meiners diseases

Answer 101

vertigo sensorineural hearing loss tinnitus feeling of fullness in ear

Question 102

treatment for menieres disease (9)

Answer 102

``` no cure low sodium diet no caffeine or alf anticholinergic for vertigo anti nausea diuretics balance ex smoking surgery to remove endolymph ```

Question 103

what is ototoxic drugs

Answer 103

``` aminoglycoside antibiotics chemo therapy caffeine treatment of malaria ASA NSAID loop diuretics ```

Question 104

what are the names of the ototoxic drugs

Answer 104

``` gentamyocin erythromyocin vancomyocin cisplatin bleomycin lasix bumex ```

Question 105

what are meds related to ears

Answer 105

antiinfective antihistmine local anesthetics ceruminolytic meds

Question 106

what are vestibular neuronitis (labynthitis) manifestations

Answer 106

vertigo nausea vomitting

Question 107

general things for ear surgery post op

Answer 107

``` blow nose gently cough with mouth open no shampoo, keep dry wear noise protection no alt changes only tylenol ```

Question 108

what should you be weary about with labynthitis

Answer 108

can lead to meningitis