Exam 5 - Special Senses Flashcards
“lazy eye” or when the eye and brain are not working together properly and the brain favors the other eye - vision can be reduced
amblyopia
eye is shaped like a cone or football and light is bent more one way and not evenly., partial object is in focus
can be fixed with contacts, glasses, or surgery
astigmatism
bacteria and oily flakes at the base of your eyelashes. Your eyelids are red, swollen, or feel like they are burning.
blepharitis
inflammation of conjuctiva
conjuctivitis or pink eye
what is the conjuctiva
the clear tissue that covers the eye ball and lines the inside of the eyelid
is a condition in which your eyelid turns outward. This leaves the inner eyelid surface exposed and prone to irritation.
ectropion
medical condition in which the eyelid (usually the lower lid) folds inward. It is very uncomfortable, as the eyelashes continuously rub against the cornea causing irritation
entropion
localized infection or inflammation of the eyelid margin involving hair follicles of the eyelashes or meibomian glands.
usually is painful, erythematous, and localized. It may produce edema of the entire lid. Purulent material exudes from the eyelash line in external hordeola, while internal hordeola suppurate on the conjunctival surface of eyelid.
Hordeolum
vision condition in which distant objects can be seen clearly, but close ones do not come into proper focus. Farsightedness occurs if your eyeball is too short or the cornea has too little curvature. In these cases, your eye can’t correctly focus the light that enters it.
hyperopia or farsightedness
inflammation of the cornea — the clear, dome-shaped tissue on the front of your eye that covers the pupil and iris
keratitis
inflammatory disorder of the inner ear, or labyrinth. Clinically, this condition produces disturbances of balance and hearing to varying degrees and may affectone or both ears. Bacteria or viruses can cause acute inflammation of the labyrinth in conjunction with either local or systemic infections.
labrynthitis
caused by the deterioration of the central portion of the retina, the inside back layer of the eye that records the images we see and sends them via the optic nerve from the eye to the brain. The retina’s central portion, known as the macula, is responsible for focusing central vision in the eye, and it controls our ability to read, drive a car, recognize faces or colors, and see objects in fine detail.
macular degeneration
result of an infection that extends to the air cells of the skull behind the ear. Specifically, it is an inflammation of the mucosal lining of the mastoid antrum and mastoid air cell system inside the mastoid process
mastoiditis
occurs when the eyeball is too long, relative to the focusing power of the cornea and lens of the eye. This causes light rays to focus at a point in front of the retina, rather than directly on its surface.
myopia or nearsightedness
, also known as swimmer’s ear,[1] is an inflammation of the ear canal.[2] It often presents with ear pain, swelling of the ear canal, and occasionally decreased hearing.[2] Typically there is pain with movement of the outer ear. A high fever is typically not present except in severe cases
otitis externa
group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear
otitis media
age-related hearing loss, is the cumulative effect of aging on hearing. It is a progressive and irreversible bilateral symmetrical age-related sensorineural hearing loss resulting from degeneration of the cochlea or associated structures of the inner ear or auditory nerves. The hearing loss is most marked at higher frequencies.
presbycusis
is a condition associated with aging of the eye that results in progressively worsening ability to focus clearly on close objects
presbyopia
drooping of the upper or lower eyelid
ptosis
is a problem with focusing of light on the retina due to the shape of the eye
refractive error
measure of how well you understand what you hear when speech is loud enough to hear comfortably
speech discriminnation
what are the numbers for speech discrimination
0% is not understanding anything you hear
and 100% is everything you hear
This is used with older children and adults, and helps to confirm the pure-tone test results. The SRT records the faintest speech that can be heard half the time.
speech reception threshold
inflammation of the uvea, the pigmented layer that lies between the inner retina and the outer fibrous layer composed of the sclera and cornea
uveaitis
what are the visual acuity exams for the eye
snellen and amsler grid corneal light reflex motor exam/6 cardinal fields visual color litmus vision screen
what are the red eye complaints (10)
conjunctivitis herpes simplex keratitis scleritis angle closure glaucoma adnexal disease subconjunctival hemorrhage ptergium keratoconjunctivtis abrasions and foreign body abnormal lid function
check visual acuity inspect redness pattern inspect discharge observe the cornea examine the anterior chamber examine the pupils for irregularity check intraocular pressure examine the lid for disorders
all are necessary for what
evaluating red eye
what is conjunctivitis
inflammation of conjuctiva, inner layer of lid and outer layer of eye
what are the 3 types of conjunctivitis
contagious (infection)
allergic
non allergic (foreign body)
manifestation of conjuctivitis
exudate
burning
gritty sensation
treatment for conjunctivitis
topical antibiotics
what is herpes simplex keratitis
inflammation of cornea caused by herpes
how do you prevent herpes simplex keratitis from being worse or exacerbating
stress and sun exposure
how do you treat herpes simplex keratitis
topical antiviral corticosteroid
what is scleritis
inflammation of scleritis
how is scleritis caused
infection
chemical injuries
autoimmune disease (RA and SLE)
menstration issues
what is the first symptoms of autoimmune connective tissue disorder
scleritis
who is most at risk for slceritis
30-50yo women
what is the treatment for scleritis
NSAID, methotrexate or corticosteroid
what is angle closure glaucoma
sudden closure of anterior chamber angle by iris tissue
what is the incidence of angle closure glaucoma
only 10 % of actual glaucoma
what is the difference between open and closed glaucoma
open is eye pressure
closed is intraocular pressure
what is the treatment for closed angle glaucoma
reduce fluid
emergency
what are manifestations of closed glaucoma
eye pain
redness
halo lights
what does adnexal mean
surrounding the eye
what is the types of adnexal complaints
stye
blepharitis
lid/vascular lesions
dacryocystitis
what is dacryocysitis
tear duct infection or “infection of glacromol sacs
how do we prevent and treat adnexal complaints
warm cloth
antibiotic
keep clean
what is a stye
inflammation of sebaceous gland
what is a subconjuctival hemorrhage
minor eye trauma that causes a small blood vessel to burst
what may cause a subconjuctival hemorrhage?
trauma
coughing
sneezing
exercise
is a subconjuctival hermorrhage sever?
no it is harmless and may just cause discomfort, eye changes sometimes if severe
what may lead to a subconjuctival hemorrhage
HTN
dibetes
blood clot disorder
anticoagulants
what is pterygium
wedged shaped fibrovascular growth of conjuctiva extends into cornea
what are the treatments and prevention of a pterygium
corticosteroids
sunglasses
hats
eye drops
what is keratoconjuctivitis
dry eye
what is a cataract
opacity in crystalline lens that interferes with transmission of light to the retina
genetic predisposition aging cumulative UV light exposure corticosteroids infection trauma some systemic conditions smoking exposure to toxic substances
may all lead to what?
cataracts
what is the leading cause of blindness
cataracts
what are education points for cataract surgery recovery
leave covering on limit activity for 24 hours no rubbing eye no lifting more than 5 lbs cough and sneeze with eyes and mouth open sleep on opposite side of surgery elevate HOB instill drops tylenol no ASA
when should you call your doctor after surgery for cataracts
pain not relieved vomitting acuity worsens photophobia swelling
what happens during glaucoma
pressure damages optic nerve
what pressure typically diagnoses glaucoma
something over 22 mmHg
pathlogic glaucoma effect
edema in retina
optic nerve compress
compression of arteries around optic
can’t drain
manifestations of infection manifestation of increase IO pressure eye protection medications and instillation scheduled follow up surgical site care
all are for what?
post op glaucoma
what are manifestations of retinapathy
black grey specks streaks vision loss pain pressure hard at night
what causes retinapathy
diabetes
how to help and prevent retinopathy
control BG and BP
cauterize ocular BV
what is retinal detachment
tear in retina
separation of sensory retina from pigment epithelium and fluid is in between layers
what is the outcome if retina is not prevented from detaching
retina dies
etiology of retinal detachment
inflammation and separation
what is the manifestation of retinal detachment
black curtain falling
no pain
what is the predisposing risk factors for retinal detachment
aging cataract extraction deregulation of retina trauma near sighted previous experience family and congenital diabetes
what is macular degeneration
thinning and atrophy of macula, loss of central vision
what does the macula do
cones and rods
what are the two types of macular degeneration
wet(advanced) and dry
what is the most common type of macular degeneration
dry
what is dry MD
blockage of blood vessel
how to treat dry MD
support and prevent with vitamin
how to treat wet MD
surgery
what is wet MD
more bleeding and fluids and such
factors of MD (9)
aging/gender (55, cauc, woman) smoking obesity cardiovascular disease hypertension(cholesterol) race light colored iris am history diabetes
how to diagnose MD
visual acuity
dilated eye
tonometry
amsler grid
what is tonometry
pressure test
instructions for cleansing eyes in emergency
irrigate for 10-20 min
with sterile saline or water
remove contacts
what are the ear diagnostic tests
weber
rinne
what are the vestibular acuity tests
romberg
nystagmus
what are audiometric tests
audiography
tympanometry
electrocochleography
what is weber
the above the head test
sensorineural hearing loss
what is rinne
the bone test on mastoid
conductive
what is conductive hearing loss
hearing loss due to the structure of outer or middle ear
what is sensorineural hearing loss
damage to the cranial nerve 8
cochlear hair cells
what are signs and symptoms of conductive hearing loss
muffled complaints
faint hearing
what are signs and symptoms of sensorineural hearing loss
ringing in hear higher pitches muffled dizziness vertigo trouble speaking and speech
what is sensorineural treatment
surgery corticosteroids for inflamation hearing aids ASL speech therapy
what is conductive treatment
antibiotics or anti fungal
surgery
hearing aids
what is otosclerosis
repeat absorption of redeposit of abnormal bone
what is the risk factor for otosclerosis
women and genetics
what are the manifestations of otosclerosis
haearing loss and tinnitus
what is the treatment for otosclerosis
surgery
what is meiners diseases
vertigo
sensorineural hearing loss
tinnitus
feeling of fullness in ear
treatment for menieres disease (9)
no cure low sodium diet no caffeine or alf anticholinergic for vertigo anti nausea diuretics balance ex smoking surgery to remove endolymph
what is ototoxic drugs
aminoglycoside antibiotics chemo therapy caffeine treatment of malaria ASA NSAID loop diuretics
what are the names of the ototoxic drugs
gentamyocin erythromyocin vancomyocin cisplatin bleomycin lasix bumex
what are meds related to ears
antiinfective
antihistmine
local anesthetics
ceruminolytic meds
what are vestibular neuronitis (labynthitis) manifestations
vertigo
nausea
vomitting
general things for ear surgery post op
blow nose gently cough with mouth open no shampoo, keep dry wear noise protection no alt changes only tylenol
what should you be weary about with labynthitis
can lead to meningitis
