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Nursing 120 > Exam 3 - DM > Flashcards

Exam 3 - DM Flashcards

1
Q

Types of rapid acting insulins

A

humalog (lispro)
Novalog (aspart)
regular (novalin-R)

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2
Q

types of intermediate insulins

A

NPH

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3
Q

types of long acting insulins

A

lantus (glargine)

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4
Q

onset for humalog

A

5-15 min

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5
Q

peak for humalog

A

1-1.5 hr

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6
Q

duration of humalog

A

3-4hr

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7
Q

what is compatible with homolog and nova log?

A

NPH

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8
Q

onset for novalog

A

15-30 min

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9
Q

peak for novalog

A

1-3 hr

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10
Q

duration for novalog

A

3-5 hr

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11
Q

onset for regular insulin

A

30-60 min

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12
Q

peak for regular insulin

A

2-4 hr

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13
Q

duration for regular insulin

A

5-7 hr

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14
Q

what is regular insulin compatible with?

A

all!!!!

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15
Q

onset for NPH

A

1-2 hr

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16
Q

peak for NPH

A

4-12 hr

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17
Q

duration for NPH

A

18-24 hr

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18
Q

what is NPH compatible with?

A

regular

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19
Q

lantus onset

A

3-4 hour

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20
Q

lantus peak

A

none

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21
Q

lantus duration

A

24 hr

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22
Q

lantus is compatible with…

A

NONE.

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23
Q

what is the duration for mixed insulin

A

about 24 hr

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24
Q

onset for mixed insulin

A

15-30 min

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25
Q

peak of mixed insulin

A

1-4/4-8 hr

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26
Q

what is the normal range for a diabetic for pre meal measures?

A

80-120 mg/dL

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27
Q

what is the normal range for a non diabetic for pre meal and bed time measures?

A

less than 100

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28
Q

what is the normal range for a diabetic for bed time measures?

A

100-140 mg/dL

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29
Q

what is the diabetics hemoglobin A1C?

A

less than 7%

30
Q

what is a non diabetics hemoglobin A1C

A

less than 6%

31
Q

normal range for triglycerides

A

less than 150

32
Q

diabetic triglyerides

33
Q

total cholesterol normal range

A

less than 200

34
Q

high density lipoproteins (HDL) normal

35
Q

high density lipoproteins (HDL) diabetic

A

less than 40

36
Q

hypoglycemia riddle

A

cold and clammy, eat some candy

37
Q

what is the diagnosis fasting blood glucose for diabetes?

38
Q

what is the diagnosing 2 hr oral glucose tolerance test for diabetes?

39
Q

what is an hemoglobin A1c?

A

3-4 month picture of what the blood glucose is

40
Q

what is the eAG?

A

3-4 month picture - helps them understand their a1c

41
Q

what races tend to have DM2 usually

A

native americans
african
hispanic

42
Q

what type of DM has destruction of pancreatic islet B cells?

43
Q

polydipsia

polyphagia

A

excessive thirst

excessive hunger

44
Q

when do diabetics need more insulin?

A

when they are sick, infected or stressed

45
Q

why is peak action most important?

A

that is when a diabetic is most at risk for hypoglycemia

46
Q

what types of meds lower BG? (8)

A 
aspirin
excess alcohol
anticoagulants
oral hypoglycemics
beta blockers
tricyclic antidepressants
tetracycline
MAO inhibitors
47
Q

when should the diabetic be eating?

A

during onset times

48
Q

what meds increase BG (6)

A 
steroids
thiazide diuretics
thyroid agents
oral contraceptives
estrogen replacements
alcohol
49
Q

what does a sulfonylureas medications do?

A

ELECTRICTIAN

stimulate tired pancreas

50
Q

what is a meglitinide?

A

same as sulfonylureas, or electrician

51
Q

what is alpha glucosidase inhibitors

A

POLICE

stop or slow down glucose absorption

52
Q

what is thiazodendiones

A

LOCKSMITH
unlock cell receptor sites
more sensitive to insulin

53
Q

what is a metformin

A

plumber
help fix leaky liver
release of glucose is lessened from liver
MSK uptake

54
Q

who cannot take metformin

A

CHF patients, kidney failure, liver failure

55
Q

when should you stop metformin

A

stop meds before 48 hr anesthesia

or anything with dye or alcohol

56
Q

what is a common side effect of metformin

A

lactic acidosis

57
Q

when is urine testing used for diabetics?

A

to test for ketones

58
Q

hot and dry sugars high

A

hyperglycemia

59
Q

what is the dawn phenomena

A

2am to 6 am

blood sugar spike

60
Q

ketones

A

breakdown of fat and muscle for energy

61
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis

A

buildup of acids (ketones) in bloodstream

62
Q 
lethargy
fatigue
visual disturbances
confusion/hostility
abdminal cramps
nausea
vomitting
tachypnea
tachycardia
hypotension
acetone breath
Polyuria
ph below 7.3
HCO3 below 15
dry mucous membranes
63
Q

how to treat DKA

A

insulin drip until less than 250
saline until lower than 300
potassium
find treatment

64
Q 
weakness
lethargy
change of LOC
loss of vision
hallucinations
polyuria
polydipsia
dehydration
dry mucous membranes
decreased turgor
ortho hypotens
elevated plasma glucose
65
Q

treatment of hhnk

A

fluids: electrolyte homeostasis
insulin until below 250
underlying cause

66
Q

hypo glycemia

67
Q

what is macrovascular

A

cardiovascular; ht., muscle wasting…big vessels

68
Q

microvascular

A

eyes; pvd; small vessels

69
Q

when should the sick diabetic check ketones

A

every 3 hours

70
Q

when should the sick diabetic go to the doctor

A

when Bg is over 250 and ketones present for more than 24 hours

Nursing 120 (21 decks)

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