Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nursing 120 > Exam 3 - Fluid and Electrolytes > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Fluid and Electrolytes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Pharmacology flashcards Nursing Maternity flashcards Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

-natremia

A

sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

-kalemia

A

potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

-calcemia

A

calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

-magnesemia

A

magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the range for sodium?

A

136 to 145 mEq

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the range for potassium?

A

3.5 to 5.0 mEq

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the range for calcium?

A

8.5 to 10.2 mEq

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the range of magnesium?

A

1.3 to 2.1 mEq

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what should urine output be per hour (at least)?

A

0.5 mL per kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what type of fluid is electrolytes found in?

A

both intra and extracellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the major player for extra cellular fluid?

A

sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what compartment has most fluid?

A

ICF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is ECF made up of

A

interstitial, intravascular and other… including lymph and synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what type of movement is osmosis?

A

pulling of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the major player of ICF?

A

potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

to what concentration does osmosis move?

A

high to low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does diffusion rate depend on

A

size of molecule, temperature and concentration of solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is filtration or hydrostatic pressure?

A

pushing action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what direction does the fluid and solutes go on the arterial side of the cap bed?

A

outward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

which is higher, the arterial capillary pressure or the venous?

A

arterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is isotonic osmolality?

A

fluid in each compartment stays put

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is hypertonic osmolality?

A

fluid in ICF moves out – cells shrink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is hypotonic osmolality?

A

fluid in ECF moves in – cells swell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what does thirst/fluid intake trigger? what regulates thirst and fluid intake?

A

angiotensin/hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what does ADH do?

A

regulates excretion from the kidneys- wants water reabsorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the atrial natriuretic system?

A

counter increase in BP and volume from renin-angiotensin-aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the primary regulator of the electrolytes and body fluids?

A

kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

how do the kidneys play a role in acid base regulation?

A

excrete hydrogen ion and retain bicarb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system do?

A

retain sodium and water (increase BP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

edema

A

accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

localized edema

A

organ or site of injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

dependent edema

A

feet/legs or buttocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

generalized edema

A

more uniform distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is third spacing?

A

shifts of fluid from vascular space to unavailable location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

how is edema caused by decreased capillary oncotic pressure?

A

pushed out what it needed and vascular did not want it

36
Q

how is edema caused by increase capillary hydrostatic pressure?

A

capillary has too much pressure and venous is also too high

37
Q

how is edema caused by increased capillary permeability?

A

too much left the capillary

38
Q

what is fluid volume deficit?

hypovolemia

A

the isotonic loss of water and electrolytes

39
Q

what are some causes of hypovolemia?

A

excessive sweating
vomitting/diarrhea
high drainage wound

40
Q

what are some signs and symptoms of hypovolemia?

A 
hyperthermia
tachycardia
weak pulse
dizziness
thirst
pale
41
Q

what are nursing interventions for hypovolemia? (8)

A 
assess manifestations
weight and VS
turgor and mucous membranes
BUN and creatine 
administer fluids (isotonic)
frequent mouth care
prevent skin breakdown
fix underlying cause
42
Q

what is low pH

A

acidic

43
Q

what is high pH

A

alkalosis

44
Q

what is a normal pH

A

7.35 to 7.45

45
Q

how is a pH balanced?

A 
renal system (slowest)
respiratory system (2nd)
buffers (quickest)
46
Q

how much mEq/L should be in each compartment?

A

154 in ecf and 196 to icf

47
Q

what is a buffer

A

neutralizes the excess acid or bases (chemical line of defense)

48
Q

what is the role of the respiratory system in acid base balance?

A

eliminate or retain carbon dioxide

49
Q

what happens when breaths are deep and fast?

A

co2 leaves and pH rises

50
Q

what happens when breaths are shallow and slow?

A

retain co2 and pH lowers

51
Q

what is the respiratory buffer?

A

co2

52
Q

pco2 numbers

A

35 to 45

53
Q

how does the renal system work to maintain acid base balance?

A

regulates through excreting or conserving bicarb or hydrogen ions

54
Q

what is the renal systems main mechanism function?

A

kidneys

55
Q

what is the renal systems player

A

HCo3

56
Q

HCO3 numbers

A

22-26

57
Q

what is respiratory acidosis

A

retention of co2

58
Q

what is the panic level of sodium

A

110

59
Q

what is the panic level of potassium

A

2.5 / 6.6

60
Q

what is the panic level of chloride

A

80

61
Q

what is the manic level of pH

A

7.2 or 7.6

62
Q

what is the panic level of paCO2

A

20/70

63
Q

what is the panic level of HCO3

A

10/40

64
Q

what is the panic level of paO2

A

40

65
Q

what is the panic level of saO2

A

50%

66
Q

what is fluid volume excess

A

isotonic gain of water and electrolytes

67
Q

causes of hypervolemia

A

chronic stimulus for kidneys to retain
renal function abnorms
age
intake sodium excess

68
Q

what is distinct difference between over hydrations and FVE

A

increase in electrolytes and BUN/Creatine

69
Q

nurisng interventions for FVE (11)

A 
assess manifestations
monitor weight and VS
assess for edema
assess breath sounds
monitor I and O
monitor lab findings
place in fowlers
administer diuretics
restrict fluid intake
restrict sodium
implement measures for skin breakdown
70
Q

what two electrolytes don’t like each other?

A

potassium and sodium

71
Q

what are the main target cells for sodium?

A

nerve and muscle cells and influence water distribution

72
Q

what does potassium regulate?

A

cell excitability

73
Q

what is calcium the major cation for

A

teeth and bones; muscles must have to contract

74
Q

what does chloride do?

A

affects body pH, maintain acid base

75
Q

what does phosphate do

A

hydrogen buffer; promotes energy storage

76
Q

what does bicarb do

A

regulate acid base balance

77
Q 
lethargy
confusion
coma
headache
apprehension
seizures

may be what?

A

hyponatremia

78
Q

hypernatremia causes

A 
"model"
Medications/meals
Osmotic diuretics
Diabetes insipidus
Excessive h20 loss
Low H20 intake
79
Q

hypernatremia signs and symptoms

A 
"FRIED"
Fever/flush skin
Restless and irritable
Increase fluid retention and high BP
Edema
Decreased urine output/dry mouth
80
Q

hypokatremia signs

A

weakness

constipation

81
Q

hyperkalemia signs (8)

A 
muscle twitches
cramps
irritability
anxiety
low BP
EKG changes
dysrythmias
diarrhea
82
Q

how to check for hypocalcemia

A

chovestks

trousseau

83
Q

hypocalcemia

A

bleeding gums

84
Q

hypercalcemia

A 
kidney stones
lethargy
anxiety
nausea
constipation
anorexia
85
Q 
nystagmus
confusion
alcoholism
malnutrition
malabsorption
tremors

may be

A

hypomagneisium

86
Q 
nausea
vomitting
muscle weakness
hypotension
bradycardia
respiratory depression
depressed nerve function and MSK fxn
A

hypermagensium

Nursing 120 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions