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Nursing 120 > Exam 3 - alterations in regulation and metabolism > Flashcards

Exam 3 - alterations in regulation and metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

what is the feedback mechanism?

A
  • body sends message to hypothalamus
  • hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary
  • pituitary sends to primary
  • primary releases hormone
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2
Q

what is the complex feedback mechanism

A

Cns receives stimulus

Hypothalamus releases

Inhibiting factor or

Releasing factor which travels to

Pituitary gland. when then sends hormone to

Target tissue

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3
Q

what gland can override others?

A

pituitary

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4
Q

what are the endocrine glands

A 
pitutary
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenals
gonads
pancreas
hypothalamus
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5
Q

what does the thyroid control

A

metabolism and growth

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6
Q

what does the parathyroid control

A

calcium and phosphorus metabolism

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7
Q

what does the adrenals control

A

sodium, electrolyte balance, reproduction, immune, fight or flight

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8
Q

what does the hypothalamus control

A

hormones are releasing factors or inhibiting

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9
Q

what are the types of endocrine disorders?

A 
primary
seconday
tertiary
ectopic
hypofunction
hyperfunction
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10
Q

what is a primary endocrine disorder?

A

problem with gland itself in releasing or creating hormone

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11
Q

what is a secondary endocrine disorder?

A

problems with pituitary and releasing factors

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12
Q

tertiary endocrine disorder

A

problems with cellular receptors or cells themselves

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13
Q

ectopic endocrine disorder

A

tumor (other than normal site of hormone production)

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14
Q 
intolerance to heat
tremor
sweating
weight loss
increase in appetite
palpitations
nervousness
exopthalmia 
decrease in fluids and sex drive
A

hyperthyroidism (systems speed up except wt loss)

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15
Q

what is the autoimmune version of hyperthyroidism?

A

graves disease

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16
Q

what labs should be looked at for thyroid disorders?

A

t3, t4, TSH

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17
Q

if the thyroid is the problem(primary), what should the labs look like?

A

TSH would be decreased and t3 and t4 would be increased

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18
Q

nurse interventions for hyperthyroidism

A

increase calories
o2
cool down

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19
Q

treatment that stops t3 and t4 production

A

radioactive iodine

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20
Q 
high fever
disaphoresis
restlessness
agitation
tachy, dysrhytmia and tremor
CHF
delirium
coma
A

thyroid storm!

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21
Q

what causes a thyroid storm

A

acute stress
infection
surgery

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22
Q

how should you treat a thyroid storm symptoms?

A

sedation, cooling, steroids, IV fluids

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23
Q

what are the meds you should administer in a thyroid storm

A

strong iodine solutions
propylthiouracil
inderal (propranol) beta block
NO ASPIRIN

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24
Q

myxedema

A

mucousy edema - hard to get rid of

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25
Q

hypothyroidism

A

deficient t3 and t4 release

26
Q

what is the treatment of hypothyroidism

A

levothyroxine

27
Q

how should you take levothyroxine?

A

on an empty stomach

28
Q 
bradycardia
hair dry and course and sparse
cold intolerance
fatigue
weight gain
anorexia
lifelong treatment
A

hypothyroidism

29
Q

what is the autoimmune version of hypothyroidism

A

hashimoto’s

30
Q

what should be done if hypothyroidism exacerbates

A 
support airway
o2, iv fluid and levothyroxine
hyponatremia
hypoglycemia
COMA
31
Q

what type of labs should be tested in an assessment of a patient with hypothyroidism?

A

cholesterol levels

32
Q

elderly thyroid medication therapy

A

smaller doses

smaller increments at longer intervals

33
Q

cinacalet

A

suppresses PTH secretion

34
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

elevation of serum calcium levels and excessive secretion of phosphorus by kidneys

35
Q

symptoms of hyperparathyroidism

A

asymptomatic

may not realize until kidney stones

36
Q

what are we worried about with hyperparathyroidism?

A

osteoporosis

fall risk

37
Q

cause of hypoparathyroidism

A

damage to parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery

38
Q 
nerve and muscle excitation
muscle spasms
hyperreflexia
clonic tonic convulsions
paresthesia
A

hypoparathyroidism

39
Q

what should we do in the case of hypoparathyroidism?

A

give calcium

40
Q

hyper function of the adrenals

A

cushing’s disease

41
Q

what is conn’s disease

A

hyper secretion of mineral corticosteroids

42
Q

what is cushing’s disease

A

hyper secretion of ACTH,
leading to stimulated adrenal glands
increase in cortisol

43
Q 
moon face
buffalo hump and fat pads
truncal obesity
broad purple striae
bruising
slow wound healing
thin limbs
muscle wasting
excessive hair growth in women
decreased inflammatory response
A

cushing’s

44
Q

what type of CV issue may you see in cushings

A

hypertension

45
Q

what may you see in cushing’s disease related to glucose?

A

glucose intolerance

46
Q

addison’s disease

A

hypo function of the adrenal glands - aldosterone and cortisol

47
Q

what is the treatment of addisons

A

lifelong corticosteroids

48
Q 
hypoglycemia
nausea
vomitting
diarrhea
weight loss
muscle weakness
fatigue
headache
sweating
mood changes
tanning of skin folds
bluish mucous membranes
hypotension
vitiligo
hyperkalemia
hyponatremia
A

addisons

49
Q

when does the treatment of addisons change?

A

corticosteroid doses should be increased in periods of stress

50
Q

addisonian crisis

A

severe hypotension and volume depletion
severe electrolyte abnormalities
hypoglycemia
inability to respond to stress

51
Q

how to treat addisonian crisis

A

iv fluids
iv steroids
electrolyte replenish

52
Q

how does one get addisonian crisis

A

does not adjust dosage

53
Q

mental status changes and muscle weakness in people with addisons disease is primarily causes by

A

hypoglycemia

54
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

tumor on adrenals

55
Q

manifestations of pheochromocytoma

A 
sweating
hypertension
headaches
palpitations
chest pain
stroke
56
Q

treatment of pheochromocytoma

A

surgery and removal

57
Q

metabolic syndrome

A

fat syndrome (pancreas)

high bp
central obesity
insulin resistance

58
Q

pituitary dwarfism

A

hypo pituitary and growth hormone

59
Q

gigantism in children and acromegaly in adults

A

hyper pituitrary growth hormone

60
Q

acromegaly

A

hands feet and mandible over grown

growth plates build up - bone

61
Q

what is something growth hormone monitors?

A

glucose!

Nursing 120 (21 decks)

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