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Nursing 120 > Exam 2 - Elimination > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Elimination Flashcards

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1
Q

what system wants to store urine?

A

sympathetic

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2
Q

what system wants to eliminate urine?

A

parasympathetic

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3
Q

what does acH do to the urinary sphincters?

A

relaxes them

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4
Q

what is the equation for adequate output per hour

A

0.5 to 1.0 ml per kg

use pt weight

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5
Q

what is the average output per hour

A

30 ml

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6
Q

what percent of long term care residents have urinary incontinence?

A

50 - 75%

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7
Q

what percent of the community have urinary incontinence?

A

20% (38% women)

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8
Q

how does age effect urinary incontinence

A

worsening bladder innervation
sphincter control loss
decreased bladder elasticity

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9
Q

what are the different types of urinary incontinence?

A 
stress
urge
mix
functional
overflow
reflex
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10
Q

what is stress incontinence

A

inadequate sphincter control

caused by coughing and sneezing

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11
Q

what is urge incontinence

A

overactive bladder

uncontrollable detrusor contractions

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12
Q

what is mixed incontinence

A

urge and stress together

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13
Q

what is overflow incontinence

A

incomplete bladder emptying

no urge, just happens

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14
Q

what is reflex incontinence

A

muscle spasms and leaks urine with no urgency

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15
Q

what is functional incontinence

A

inability to reach bathroom on time

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16
Q

treatment of urge incontinence

A

detrol, ditropan

anticholergenics that reduce bladder spasm

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17
Q

treatment of overflow incontinence for men

A

proscar
flomax
TURP

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18
Q

what is proscars action

A

reduce prostate size

androgen inhibitor

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19
Q

what is flowmax action

A

peripheral anti androgenics

reduce the contraction of smooth muscle

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20
Q

TURP

A

trans uretheral resection of the prostate

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21
Q

treatment of overflow incontinence in women

A

kegal
pessary
surgery

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22
Q

treatment of stress incontinence

A

botox
estrogen
duloxetine

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23
Q

what does duloxetine do?

A

increase sphincteral contraction

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24
Q

what are diagnostic reasons to insert a catheter

A

specimen collection

strict output measurements

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25
Q

what are therapeutic reasons to insert a catheter

A 
urinary retention
comfort care for those terminally ill
wound healing
surgery
immobility
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26
Q

what are some urinary incontinence complications

A 
skin breakdown
poor wound healing
falls
dehydration
institutionalizing
decreased social interaction
poor adherence
depression
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27
Q

what are the different types of catheters

A 
straight
foley/indwelling
coude
condom
suprapubic
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28
Q

risks with catherization

A

infection
trauma to urethra
bladder retraining

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29
Q

what is the normal pH of a urinalysis

A

between 4.6 and 8.0

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30
Q

what type of laxative would be appropriate for a patient who you wouldn’t want to strain, such as someone who has had an MI.

A

stool softener such as colace or metamucil

31
Q

which laxative is used to prep for a colonoscopy?

A

colyte

32
Q

what type of laxative allows mass to be added to stool and used in watery diarrhea

A

metamucil

33
Q

what laxative allows you to have it at night and have results in the morning?

A

dulcolax (bisacodyl)

34
Q

which laxative is least harmful when used for a while

A

metamucil because it just adds fiber

35
Q

which laxative gives a lot of stimulus to initiate peristalsis

A

dulcolax
sinnacot (sennosides)
stimulant laxatives

36
Q

which laxative should be avoided for renal failure

A

magnesium ones

37
Q

which laxative causes a gelatinous mass to form and lodge into the esophagus if it is not taken with enough water

A

metamucil

follow up with another glass or water

38
Q

which laxative may decrease absorption of antibiotics

A

any except stool softeners

39
Q

which laxative causes dependence

A

the stimulants

40
Q

which laxative and which route allows for quickest results?

A

dulcolax suppository

41
Q

what happens if you give a stimulant laxative on an empty stomach

A

it will work faster

42
Q

name a laxative that can be given rectally and PO

A

dulcolax

docusate

43
Q

what type of laxative may cause electrolyte imbalance?

A

milk of magnesia

44
Q

what type of laxative requires you to not eat at least 2 hours before?

A

osmotic - golytely and colyte

45
Q

how does aging effect the GI system?

A 
slowing peristalsis 
slowing motility 
slowing gastric secretions
decreased sensation to defecate
reduced strength in pelvic muscles
46
Q

what type of blood tests are run to look at urinary system function?

A 
BUN
creatine
electrolytes
GFR
TSH
Ca
Glucose
47
Q

what does the BUN test tell you?

A

how much urea nitrogen is in the blood

indicates how the kidneys and liver are functioning

48
Q

what is the TSH test tell you?

A

how the thyroid is working

49
Q

what is the creatine blood test telling you?

A

kidney function

50
Q

what does the bladder scanner and postvoidal residual tell us?

A

how much urine is left in the bladder

51
Q

what does uroflowmetry tell us

A

urine speed and volume

52
Q

what does cystometric tell us

A

quantity of urine in bladder and pressure in the bladder

53
Q

what does cystoscopy tell us

A

visual examination of urethra and bladder with scope

54
Q

what does voiding cysturethragram (VCUG) show

A

able to visualize urthravesicular angle

55
Q

what does intravenous pyleogram (IVP) show us?

A

X-rays of kidney and bladder using contrast

56
Q

what are the types of enemas

A 
tap or soap
saline
fleets
lubricants
return flow
57
Q

what position should the patient be in for an enema

A

left lateral sims position

58
Q

how far should the tip go in for an enema

A

3-4 inches

59
Q

how many ml should be administered in an enema

A

750 to 1000

60
Q

why should a tap water enema not be administered repeatedly?

A

in fear or toxicity or circulatory overload

61
Q

what do soapsud enemas do?

A

cause intestinal irritation

62
Q

what are the precautions for a soapsud enema?

A

it can lead to electrolyte imbalance and damaged in pregnant and elders

63
Q

what is a safer alternative to a soapsud enema?

A

normal saline

64
Q

what enemas relieve flatulence and abdominal distension

A

return flow

carminative

65
Q

what type of medicated enemas are there?

A

neomyocin

66
Q

why do we give medicated enemas?

A

reduce bacteria in the bowel

67
Q

what is a fleet enema?

A

slows absorption of water from the stool

68
Q

what causes hemorrhoids

A

extreme pressure on veins that cause them to swell

69
Q

what is a rectocele

A

weakening of area between ass and vagina

70
Q

prolapsed rectum

A

falling out butthole

71
Q

what does a guaic stool test fo

A

blood in the feces

72
Q

abdominal xray

A

obstruction

73
Q

labs

A

thyroid function
electrolytes
cbc

Nursing 120 (21 decks)

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