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Nursing 120 > Exam 5 - Cognition and Neuro pt. 2 > Flashcards

Exam 5 - Cognition and Neuro pt. 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

ataxia

A

loss of full control of body movements

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2
Q

clonus

A

like a muscle spasm

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3
Q

dysarthria

A

slow and slurred speech that is hard to understand

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4
Q

fasciultations

A

small quick muscle contractions

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5
Q

hemiparesis

A

right or left side of body

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6
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis of one side of the body

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7
Q

Homonymous hemianopsia

A

eyes only see out of one eye

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8
Q

obtundation

A

altered loss of consciousness

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9
Q

nuchal rigidity

A

inability to flex head forward

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10
Q

dysphonia

A

difficulty speaking

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11
Q

ictus

A

sudden attack of stroke or seizure

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12
Q 
personality
IQ
judgement
attention span
moral ethical behaviors
long term memory
level of consciousness
voluntary movement
brocas area (motor speech)
A

frontal lobe

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13
Q 
sensory interpretation including:
- size, shape, feel
- calculation
- R/L discrimination
- proprionception 
and speech including wernicke's fluency speech
A

parietal lobe

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14
Q 
sensory speech
interpretation of sounds
taste and smell
memory short term
seizure focus
A

temporal lobes

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15
Q

primary visual cortex

CNS and PNS

A

occipital lobe

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16
Q

what does the glasgow coma test include

A

eye opening
verbal response
motor response

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17
Q

stupor

A

uncoordinated and can’t form many things

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18
Q

semicomatose

A

may be roused by stimuli

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19
Q

transient ischemic attack

A

mini stroke

minimal damage

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20
Q

progressive stroke

A

clot is getting bigger and may cause stroke or it has dislodged

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21
Q

completed stroke

A

clot is huge and does not need to grow to cause stroke

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22
Q

what are the two types of strokes

A

ischemia

hemorraghic

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23
Q

what is an ischemic attack

A

thrombotic or embolic

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24
Q

what is the most common stroke

A

ischemic

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25
Q

what is the thrombotic ischemic attack

A

atherosclerosis

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26
Q

what is the embolic ischemic attack

A 
MI
CHF
valve disease
Afib
TIA
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27
Q

what is the hemorrhagic stroke

A

aneursym

hypertension

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28
Q

leading cause of stroke

A

CAD

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29
Q

signs of ischemic attack

A

transient hemiparesis
loss of speech
hemisensory loss

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30
Q

signs of hemorrhagic

A 
headache 
vertigo
syncope
paresthesia 
transient paralysis 
epistaxis
retinal hemorrhages
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31
Q

fast test

A

facial drooping
close eyes and hold arms out straight
slurring and cognition
time to act

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32
Q

akinesia

A

loss or impairment of voluntary movement

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33
Q 
akinesia 
hyporeflexia
dysphasia
hypo or hypertonia
hemiparesis
hemiplegia
sensory deficit
behavioral changes
incontinence
visiual change

all may be found when?

A

as a stroke manifestation on the neuromotor

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34
Q

aphasia
dysarthria

all may be found when?

A

during a stroke

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35
Q

memory and judgement and ability to learn may be found when?

A

during a stroke

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36
Q

agnosia and apraxia and spatial orientation and unilateral neglect may be found when

A

during a stroke

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37
Q

stroke diagnostics

A

angiography (the best)
CT scan
PET scan
MRI

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38
Q

what should we keep the CVA blood pressure when they are recovering

A

140/90

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39
Q

what are the management of the dysphagic pt for the mouth and throat

A

swallow pudding forecfully

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40
Q

what are the management of the dysphagia person for epiglottis

A

taking deep breath with mouth closed and hold it

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41
Q

how to strengthen the tongue

A

push tongue depressor down and push tongue up

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42
Q

what is brocas aphasia

A

expressive aphasia

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43
Q

what is wernickes aphasia

A

receptive aphasia

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44
Q

what can brocas aphasia do?

A

can’t get words out! but can understand

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45
Q

what can wernicke’s aphasia do?

A

form words but they don’t make sense

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46
Q

medications for CVA

A 
thrombolytic therapy
anticonvulsant
antihypertensive
steroids
stool softeners
analgesic
vasoactive drugs
diuretics 
anticoagulants
antiplatelet
blood sugar drugs
minocylcine
botox
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47
Q

what does 2 seizures mean

A

epilepsy

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48
Q

do febrile seizures count during epilepsy suspcision?

A

no

49
Q

what is epilepsy or seizure

A

sudden excessive abnormal electrical discharge of neurons altering brain function

50
Q

what is the period following after a seizure?

A

postical state

51
Q

what kind of imbalance may lead to a seizue

A

electrolyes

52
Q

what are the two types of seizures

A

generalized

focal

53
Q

what are the types of generalized seizures

A

tonic clonic and absense

54
Q

what is the tonic clonic seizure

A

grand mal muscle stiffening and periods of shaking, fall to ground and lose consciousness

55
Q

what is atonic

A

relaxed muscles

56
Q

what is clonic

A

periods of shaking

57
Q

what is myoclonic

A

short jerking or muscle

58
Q

what is tonic

A

muscle stiffening

59
Q

what is a focal seizure

A

area where seizure is happening

60
Q

what are the types of focal seizure

A

simple
complex
secondary generalized

61
Q

what is a simple seizure

A

small change in sensation and affects small area of brain

62
Q

what is a complex seizure

A

dazed confused, no answers

63
Q

what is secondary generalized

A

starts in one part of the brain and then turns on another part of the brain and travels

64
Q

what is an aura when seizures?

A

things that happen that exacerbates them

65
Q

what may an aura include?

A 
nausea
vomitting
indigestion
smell
dreamy
visual light
66
Q

what is status ecliptics

A

serious condition that causes damage and may lead to death

67
Q

what may a status electipus include

A 
tachy
hypertension
hyperthermia
hypoglycemia
acidosis
68
Q

treatment for status electicups

A

lorazepam and diazepam

69
Q

tests for seizure and epilepsy

A

eeg (brain activity)

CT and MRI (for blood flow)

70
Q

management during seizure

A

anticonvulsant IM or IV
don’t hold down!
suction and o2 as needed
recovery position

71
Q

anticonvulsant management

A

can be used in combo, do not stop abruptly!

72
Q

what are the types of anticonvulsants?

A

drugs that potentiate GABA
drugs that suppress sodium influx
drugs that suppress calcium influx

73
Q

what are drugs that potentiate GABA

A

barbiturates

benzodiazepines

74
Q

what are drugs that suppress sodium influx

A

hydantoin (dilantin)

75
Q

what are drugs that suppress calcium influx

A

succinimides (zarotin)

76
Q

epilepsy outcome management

A

diet and surgery

77
Q

what kind of diet is important for epileptics

A

high fat, low carb

78
Q

what is the primary pathophys for parkinson?

A

idiopathic

79
Q

what is the secondary pathophys for parkinson?

A

head trauma or drugs

80
Q

what is the believed etiology of parkinson

A

loss of neurotransmistter dopamine

81
Q

what are the 6 cardinal features of parkinsons

A 
tremor at one side at rest
akinesia
bradykinesia
flexed posture of trunk limbs and neck
loss of postural reflexes
freezing movement
82
Q

how to diagnose parkinson?

A

exclusion, rule out other diseases

83
Q

meds for parkinsons

A

levadopa

84
Q

what should you watch for for levodopa?

A

wearing off phenomenon

85
Q

what are side effects of levadopa

A

intensifying narrow angle or psychiatric disturbances long term

86
Q 
artain
cargentin
arkineton
parsidil
benadryl

all are used for what? and what do they do

A

antihistamines and anticholinergic for parkinsons

reduce excessive cholinergic activity

87
Q

what are cautions for antihistamines and anticholinergic for parkinsons

A

narrow angle glaucoma
dry mouth
constipation and urinary retention

88
Q

what are dompamine agonists

A

parlodel
permax
mirapex

89
Q

what do MAOI’s do for parkinson?

A

increase activity of dopamine

90
Q

what do anticholinergic drugs do during parkinsons

A

decrease muscle rigidity

and tremors

91
Q

what drug has a narrow thera index for parkinsons pateints

A

anticholinergic

92
Q

geriatric considerations for anticholinergic meds

A

reduced renal and liver failure

93
Q

what is the critical adverse effect of anticholinergic meds

A

tachycardia

94
Q

what is ALS

A

amytrophic lateral sclerosis

95
Q

ALS etiology

A

unknown

96
Q

what happens in ALS

A

decrease in anterior horn cells corticospinal

97
Q

lifespan of ALS

A

3-5 yr

98
Q 
fatigue when talking
muscle weakness
fasciculations
spasticity
increased difficulty with chewing, swallowing, choking, excess drooling, slurred speech
difficulty breathing
inappropriate laughing
crying spells

all may be a sign of what

A

ALS

99
Q

diagnostic of ALS

A

emg
ncs
CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS
rule out OTHER DISEASES

100
Q

also drug?

A

riluzole

101
Q

what are other management of ALS

A

supportive care

conserving energy

102
Q

major cause of chronic disability in people between ages 20-40

A

ms

103
Q

etiology of ms

A

unknown

104
Q

pathyphys of ms

A

autoimmune

105
Q

what happens during ms

A

attacks brain and spinal cord white matter

106
Q

what nerves are usually affected by ms

A

oculomotor and optic

107
Q

does ms affect the pns?

A

no

108
Q

risk factors of ms

A

genetics

living farther from equator

109
Q

types of ms

A

relapsing remitting
secondary progressive
primary progressive
progressing relapsing

110
Q

steady decline since onset with superimposed attacks are what kind of ms

A

relapsing remitting

111
Q

initial relapsing remitting ms that suddenly begins to have decline without periods of remission is what kind of ms

A

secondary progressive

112
Q

steady increase without attacks is what kind of ms

A

primary progressive

113
Q

unpredictable attacks that may or may not leave permanent deficits followed by periods of remission

A

progressing relapsing

114
Q 
Visual changes/loss
Weakness of extremities
Loss of DTR’s
Scanning speech, Ataxia
Dysarthria
Dysphagia
Paresthesia
Dyscoordination /spasticity
Bowel and bladder dysfunction
Fatigue
Emotional labiality

are all what

A

ms manifestations

115
Q

outcome management for ms

A

prevent or postpone long term disability

116
Q

drugs for acute relapse of ms

A

iv or oral corticosteroids

117
Q

disease management drugs for ms

A

interferon

copaxone

118
Q

symptoms of ms

A

bladder dysfunction
constipation
trigem neuralgia
dysthesias

Nursing 120 (21 decks)

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