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Psychology > Exam 5 questions > Flashcards

Exam 5 questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Deafferentation of the limb of humans or other primates results in….

A

disuse

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2
Q

Open-loop mechanisms maximize….

A

speed

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3
Q

EMG studies have revealed that a voluntary movement of the arm is immediately preceded by…..

A

postural response

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4
Q

Mysasthenia gravis is thought to be caused by

A

antibodies that attack acetylcholine receptors.

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5
Q

Huntington’s disease is transmitted by….

A

a single dominant gene

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6
Q

In the pyramidal system, fibers cross to the opposite side of the body at the…..

A

medulla

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7
Q

A primary symptom of cerebellar pathology is….

A

ataxic gait

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8
Q

One hypothesis about the basis of the depression seen in some Parkinson’s patients emphasizes the transmitter….

A

serotonin

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9
Q

Closed-loop control mechanisms are responsible for ______ of movements.

A

Maximizing accuracy

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10
Q

A particular gene that has been found to be involved in some cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis may involve control of //////

A

copper/zinc superocide dismutase

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11
Q

Fetal cell transplants have been investigated as a treatment for Parkinson’s but some patients suffered from….

A

severe involuntary movements.

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12
Q

Nonprimary motor areas are especially active when?

A

during the preparation of skilled movements.

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13
Q

Slow sustained movements are called ______ movements and the exhibit _____ control.

A

ramp; closed-loop

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14
Q

Complex sequential behaviors are called….

A

Action patterns

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15
Q

Rotation of the myosin head causes muscle filaments to….

A

slide past one another

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16
Q

A high innervation ration (1 motor neuron to 1000 extrafusal fibers) is associated with….

A

powerful movements

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17
Q

Muscels are connected to bone by…

A

tendons

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18
Q

Cerebellar activity is correlated more strongly with activity of ____, whereas basal ganglia activity is associated with activity of _____.

A

The SMA; M1

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19
Q

In general, species that have large cerebellums tend to display_____ motor behavior.

A

complex

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20
Q

Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy is a type on inherited muscle disorder that involves….

A

A single gene located on the X chromosome.

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21
Q

According to Alan J. Fridlund, a major role of facial expression is….

A

to provide emphasis and direction in conversation

22
Q

Papez’s circuit provides a model of the relationships of different regions in the limbic system involved in

A

emotional expression

23
Q

According to John Cacioppo, evidence for autonomic differentiation within categories of emotions….

A

remains inconclusive

24
Q

In humans, diminished cerebrospinal concentrations of serotonin metabolites are correlated with….

A

aggression and violence

25
Q

According to Lacey and Lacey, responses of various bodily systems show distinct patterns that are specific to the individual. They call this….

A

individual response stereotypy

26
Q

In fear conditioning, the central nucleus of the amygdala transmits through the_____ to evoke hormonal responses .

A

bed nucleues of the stria terminalis

27
Q

Longitudinal studies have found that individual response sterotypy in atuonomic response s to emotional stimuli

A

Is invariant over the life span.

28
Q

Research using fMRI suggests that feelings of romantic love as opposed to friendship, are associated with reduced activity of the….

A

posterior cingulate and amygdala

29
Q

A major difficulty with the cognitive theory of emotions is that

A

there may be a specific patter of autonomic arousal for each emotion.

30
Q

Decorticate rage refers to….

A

sudden, intense, poorly directed rage provoked by ordinary stimuli.

31
Q

The primate facial expression labeled as a grimace is analogous to the human facial expression of….

A

fear or surprise

32
Q

Patients with damage to the amygdala do poorly at interpreting facial expressions of….

A

trustworthiness.

33
Q

Mark and Ervin have argued that some human violence is….

A

related to temporal lobe seizure activity

34
Q

Children who torture animals have been found to have ….

A

decreased levels of 5-HIAA in the CSF.

35
Q

People with panic disorder show increased metabolic activity of which region of the brain?

A

Parahippocampal gyrus

36
Q

Compared with the data from controls, PET scans of patients with depression show…..

A

increases in blood flow in the frontal cortex and amygdala

37
Q

Elaine Walked and E.Fuller Torrey are researchers who have studied….

A

schizophrenia

38
Q

A model ofs chizophrenia presented by mrisky and Duncan emphasizes that schizophrenia emerges from….

A

the interaction of stress, genetics, and anatomical abnormalities of the brain

39
Q

A patient who is give L-dopa to control the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease may

A

develop schizophrenia-like symptoms.

40
Q

According to Eugen Bleuler, primary symptoms of schizophrenia

A

affective disturbance
ambivalance
autistic behavior
abnormal association

41
Q

Ventricular enlargement of the brains of some patients with schizophrenia appears to develop from…

A

decreases in the volume of adjacent neural tissue.

42
Q

In normal subjects, the substance dexamethasone…..

A

suppresses cortisol levels

43
Q

Depressed patients show _______ in REM sleep.

A

increases

44
Q

The drug Prozac is an example of a….

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

45
Q

On the basis of studies of the properties of phencyclidine, a _____ hypothesis of schizophrenia has been advanced.

A

glutamate

46
Q

Hideyo Noguchi discovered the relationship between….

A

psychosis and syphilis.

47
Q

About______% of severely disabled OCD patients who underwent cingulotomy benefited substantially.

A

33

48
Q

At least 40% of patients with panic disorder have anatomical anomalies of the…

A

temporal lobes.

49
Q

Sufferers from combat-related PTSD may experience memory problems as a result of cell loss in the ______ produced by_____.

A

hippocampus; high levels of glucocorticoids

50
Q

MRI studies of the brains of people with Tourette’s syndrome have revealed that, on average, Tourrete’s patients have_____compared to normal subjects.

A

smaller motor cortex

51
Q

The notion of “First-rank” symptoms of schizophrenia is associated with….

A

Kurt Schneider

Psychology (25 decks)

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