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Exam 5 questions Flashcards

1
Q

Deafferentation of the limb of humans or other primates results in….

A

disuse

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2
Q

Open-loop mechanisms maximize….

A

speed

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3
Q

EMG studies have revealed that a voluntary movement of the arm is immediately preceded by…..

A

postural response

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4
Q

Mysasthenia gravis is thought to be caused by

A

antibodies that attack acetylcholine receptors.

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5
Q

Huntington’s disease is transmitted by….

A

a single dominant gene

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6
Q

In the pyramidal system, fibers cross to the opposite side of the body at the…..

A

medulla

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7
Q

A primary symptom of cerebellar pathology is….

A

ataxic gait

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8
Q

One hypothesis about the basis of the depression seen in some Parkinson’s patients emphasizes the transmitter….

A

serotonin

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9
Q

Closed-loop control mechanisms are responsible for ______ of movements.

A

Maximizing accuracy

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10
Q

A particular gene that has been found to be involved in some cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis may involve control of //////

A

copper/zinc superocide dismutase

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11
Q

Fetal cell transplants have been investigated as a treatment for Parkinson’s but some patients suffered from….

A

severe involuntary movements.

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12
Q

Nonprimary motor areas are especially active when?

A

during the preparation of skilled movements.

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13
Q

Slow sustained movements are called ______ movements and the exhibit _____ control.

A

ramp; closed-loop

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14
Q

Complex sequential behaviors are called….

A

Action patterns

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15
Q

Rotation of the myosin head causes muscle filaments to….

A

slide past one another

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16
Q

A high innervation ration (1 motor neuron to 1000 extrafusal fibers) is associated with….

A

powerful movements

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17
Q

Muscels are connected to bone by…

A

tendons

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18
Q

Cerebellar activity is correlated more strongly with activity of ____, whereas basal ganglia activity is associated with activity of _____.

A

The SMA; M1

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19
Q

In general, species that have large cerebellums tend to display_____ motor behavior.

A

complex

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20
Q

Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy is a type on inherited muscle disorder that involves….

A

A single gene located on the X chromosome.

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21
Q

According to Alan J. Fridlund, a major role of facial expression is….

A

to provide emphasis and direction in conversation

22
Q

Papez’s circuit provides a model of the relationships of different regions in the limbic system involved in

A

emotional expression

23
Q

According to John Cacioppo, evidence for autonomic differentiation within categories of emotions….

A

remains inconclusive

24
Q

In humans, diminished cerebrospinal concentrations of serotonin metabolites are correlated with….

A

aggression and violence

25
According to Lacey and Lacey, responses of various bodily systems show distinct patterns that are specific to the individual. They call this....
individual response stereotypy
26
In fear conditioning, the central nucleus of the amygdala transmits through the_____ to evoke hormonal responses .
bed nucleues of the stria terminalis
27
Longitudinal studies have found that individual response sterotypy in atuonomic response s to emotional stimuli
Is invariant over the life span.
28
Research using fMRI suggests that feelings of romantic love as opposed to friendship, are associated with reduced activity of the....
posterior cingulate and amygdala
29
A major difficulty with the cognitive theory of emotions is that
there may be a specific patter of autonomic arousal for each emotion.
30
Decorticate rage refers to....
sudden, intense, poorly directed rage provoked by ordinary stimuli.
31
The primate facial expression labeled as a grimace is analogous to the human facial expression of....
fear or surprise
32
Patients with damage to the amygdala do poorly at interpreting facial expressions of....
trustworthiness.
33
Mark and Ervin have argued that some human violence is....
related to temporal lobe seizure activity
34
Children who torture animals have been found to have ....
decreased levels of 5-HIAA in the CSF.
35
People with panic disorder show increased metabolic activity of which region of the brain?
Parahippocampal gyrus
36
Compared with the data from controls, PET scans of patients with depression show.....
increases in blood flow in the frontal cortex and amygdala
37
Elaine Walked and E.Fuller Torrey are researchers who have studied....
schizophrenia
38
A model ofs chizophrenia presented by mrisky and Duncan emphasizes that schizophrenia emerges from....
the interaction of stress, genetics, and anatomical abnormalities of the brain
39
A patient who is give L-dopa to control the symptoms of Parkinson's disease may
develop schizophrenia-like symptoms.
40
According to Eugen Bleuler, primary symptoms of schizophrenia
affective disturbance ambivalance autistic behavior abnormal association
41
Ventricular enlargement of the brains of some patients with schizophrenia appears to develop from...
decreases in the volume of adjacent neural tissue.
42
In normal subjects, the substance dexamethasone.....
suppresses cortisol levels
43
Depressed patients show _______ in REM sleep.
increases
44
The drug Prozac is an example of a....
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
45
On the basis of studies of the properties of phencyclidine, a _____ hypothesis of schizophrenia has been advanced.
glutamate
46
Hideyo Noguchi discovered the relationship between....
psychosis and syphilis.
47
About______% of severely disabled OCD patients who underwent cingulotomy benefited substantially.
33
48
At least 40% of patients with panic disorder have anatomical anomalies of the...
temporal lobes.
49
Sufferers from combat-related PTSD may experience memory problems as a result of cell loss in the ______ produced by_____.
hippocampus; high levels of glucocorticoids
50
MRI studies of the brains of people with Tourette's syndrome have revealed that, on average, Tourrete's patients have_____compared to normal subjects.
smaller motor cortex
51
The notion of "First-rank" symptoms of schizophrenia is associated with....
Kurt Schneider

Psychology (25 decks)

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