Exam 4 Flashcards
In the eyes, cells interact on a variety of levels. One way to increase visual perceptiveness is for the cells to exhibit _______, which is when neurons modifiy the activities of their neighbors.
lateral inhibition
In aquatic animals with lateral-line systems, movements of water in relation to the body surface stimulate receptors located in the _______, allowing the animals to detect movements of other animals.
cupula
New olfactory receptor cells are formed from
basal cells
Tastes of food are discriminated based on the receptor that they activate. Metabatropic and ionotropic receptor subclasses are both found on the tongue. If you taste something very bitter, which receptor is activated?
T2R
The lowest level at which impulses from the two ears interact is the
olivary nucleus
Ocular dominance slabs are found in the…
Primary visual cortex
Information goes from the vestibular system to the brain via the
eighth cranial nerve
The concept of multiple spatial frequency channels in the visual system was first supported by experiments with
perception of gratings
In order to better understand how the brain perceives images, Campbell and Robson suggested that the brain exhibits a kind of Fourier analysis by interpreting the number of light-dark cycles in a visual space. This is known as what?
Spatial-frequency filter model
The hair cells of the semicircular canals are located in the…
ampullae
Newborn humans seem to be relatively insensitive to _______ tastes.
salty
Which theory argues that frequency of auditory stimuli is directly encoded in the firing patterns of auditory neurons?
Volley theory
The phenomenon of onset _______ and the formation of a sound _______ by the head allow for the localization of sound in space.
disparity; shadow
The neural signals that result from the processing of visual input in the retina converge on the _______ cells.
ganglion
In the say way that the somatosensory cortex has areas designated to certain body parts for sensation, this kind of spatial organization of neural tissue, from the cochlea to the auditory cortex, corresponds to frequency of sounds processed based on location of processing.
tonotopic
After repeated exposure to loud sounds, many people developed a permanent form of deafness called _______ deafness.
sensorineural
Myopia is a condition that develops when…
The eyeball is too long
You have just found out that you have a snow day! You throw open your window of your dark room and are blinded by the light from the fresh snow. After you go outside for a time, though, you are fully able to see everything without being blinded The reverse happens when you go inside. Everything is dark and difficult to see for a time. What process has just been described?
Photoreceptor adaptation
The pinna, through millions of years of evolution, has been selected to amplify frequencies in the 2000-5000 Hz range, an example of ….
spectral filtration
Sound occurs due to sequential compression and expansion of air molecules. In _______, this phenomenon can be represented mathematically with a simple sine wave….
pure tones
Due to the diffuse nature of light waves, the eye has to focus images onto the fovea to allow for heightened visual acuity. This process is known as _________, and is controlled by which muscles?
accommodation; cilliary muscles
John’s basilar membrane is being activated near the base of his cochlea, due to the overwhelming bass of his car. His brain interrprets these vibrations based on where the membrane is disturbed. This agrees most heavily with the _______ theory of pitch discrimination.
place
Optic ataxia refers to difficulty with …
Reaching and grasping objects
In extreme cases of scarlet fever that did not include death, individuals have been known to go deaf. If one posits that nothing is wrong with the individuals’ external or middle ear, _________ deafness has occured….
Sensorineural
