Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

This pathway is the way that humans get light cues; information is carried from the optic chiasm to the hypothalamus to entrain circadian rhythms.

A

retinohypothalamic pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In contrast to cortical somatosensory area S1, sensory area S2 maps….

A

both sides of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Narcolepsy is no longer considered a type of epilepsy, but rather a serious sleep disorder. Patients who suffer from narcolepsy have lost a large majority of the _______-containing neurons in the _______.

A

Hypocretin; hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

_____ cycles include seasonal changes in a range of body function, including body weight and reproductive status.

A

Circannual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Autopsy results from people who have died of fatal familial insomnia show evidence of degeneration in the…

A

thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Widespread synchronization of cortical activity measured via EEG is characteristic of…

A

delta waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dolphins do no exhibit ____ sleep, mostlikely because motor inhibition during this stage would not allow the dolphins to surface for air.

A

REM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Stimulation of a Pacinian corpuscle causes the opening of ____ gated _____ channels.

A

mechanically; sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sensory receptors that are specialized for responding to painful stimuli are called…

A

nociceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Descending spinal pathways that inhibit pain transmission in the spinal cord use the neurotransmitter…

A

serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

This brain structures acts as the hub for information processing, effectively determining where neuronal signals will travel to based on their origins

A

thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

There are four major interacting neural systems involved in sleep. One region is crucial to the activation of wakefulness is the…

A

reticular system of the brainstem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lesions of the SCN ____ circannual cycles.

A

Do not affect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In ____, cross-wirings occur in the sensory areas of the brain, so the person with this condition may taste music or hear sights.

A

synesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stage 2 slow-wave sleep is characterized by distinctive wave patterns in the EEG of 14 to 18 Hz called…

A

sleep spindles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Most modern sleeping pills, such as triazolam, act via receptors fort he neurotransmitter…

A

GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A local change in the resting potential of a receptor cell that mediates the impact of stimuli and the initiation of nerve impulses is called…

A

generator potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Young mammals show a large percentage of ____, which _____ as they age.

A

REM; decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

According to the concept of _______, particular nerve cells in the brain recognize sensory information that is specific to only particular types of information.

A

labeled lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

If a mouse with two copies of the Clock mutation is placed in a lab where the lights come on each day at 7:00 AM and go off each day at 7:00 PM, the activity rhythm of this mouse will display

A

a 24-hour rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In order to send out nociceptive information, afferent cells in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord will secrete glutamate and…

A

Substance P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

If a cycle of behavior of happens on a time range that is less than a single day length, it is considered ______, where if it takes longer than a day, it is considered …

A

Ultradian; infraradian

23
Q

Cats with lesions just ventral to the locus coeruleus sometimes…

A

appear to act out their dreams.

24
Q

In the terminology of rhythms research, the time that elapses between two successive occurrences of a circadian event, such as the commencement of the day’s activities, is called the

A

period

25
Q

Studies have revealed that the _______ is especially active in tests that require spatial attention, and this region is believed to play a significant role in an “executive” attention system

A

cingulate cortex

26
Q

Stimulation of the _______ produces analgesia in both rats and humans

A

periaqueductal gray of the brainstem

27
Q

Light is the primary ____ for circadian rhythms.

A

zeitgeber

28
Q

The body’s main biological clock is located in the

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus

29
Q

______ cells within the retina detect the light that regulates circadian rhythms.

A

Ganglion

30
Q

Which rhythms last from seconds to minutes?

A

Ultradian rhythms

31
Q

The menstrual cycle is an example of an _____ rhythm.

A

infradian

32
Q

During which sleep stage do we lose voluntary muscle tone?

A

REM

33
Q

The ____ measures the electrical potentials produced by eye movements.

A

EOG

34
Q

The EEG shows the highest percentage of delta waves during Stage ___ sleep.

A

3

35
Q

During what part of the night do we experience the most Stage 3 sleep?

A

Early

36
Q

When do nightmares most often occur?

A

REM sleep

37
Q

Where is slow-wave sleep generated?

A

Basal forebrain

38
Q

The ___ triggers REM sleep.

A

Pons

39
Q

The degeneration of ____ neurons produces human narcolepsy.

A

hypocretin

40
Q

The doctrine of _____ explains why pressure on your eye produces a visual sensation.

A

specific nerve energies.

41
Q

Mechanical stimulation of a Pacinian Corpuscle produces membrane potential changes called _____.

A

generator potentials.

42
Q

The maximum firing rate for most sensory neurons is _____ action potentials per second.

A

1200

43
Q

______ allows sensory neurons to overrcome the maximum firing rat limit on individual neurons in order to encode stimulus intensity.

A

Range Fractionation

44
Q

In the phenomenon of ________, your nervous system increasingly ignores a constant stimulus.

A

Adaptation

45
Q

The _____ somatosensory cortex receives touch information from the opposite side of the body.

A

primary

46
Q

The _____ plays a special role in attention since lesions can cause neglect of stimuli on the opposite side.

A

Posterior parietal lobe

47
Q

Which receptor is fast-adapting and enable us to detect small, sharp borders using touch?

A

Meissner’s corpuscle

48
Q

The strip of skin innervated by a specific spinal root is called a…

A

dermatome

49
Q

The cool-menthol receptor 1 (CMR1) opens an ion channel in response to _____.

A

A mild temperature drop or menthol

50
Q

The _____ dettermines when REM sleep and SWS take place.

A

hypothalamus

51
Q

Anti-inflammatory drugs interfere with the synthesis of …

A

leukotriene and prostaglandin

52
Q

How would a lesion of the ascending reticular activating system affect consciousness?

A

produce continuous sleep

53
Q

Which methods do sensor systems use to localize the source of stimulation?

A

Moving receptors
locating receptors bilaterally
Creating spatial arrays of receptor.

Psychology (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions