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Psychology > Chapter 2 terms > Flashcards

Chapter 2 terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Neurons

A

cells for the nervous system, most important part of the Nervous system

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2
Q

Glial Cells

A

These cells provide support for and contribute to information processing neurons

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3
Q

Neuron Doctrine

A

The idea that states the brain is composed of independent cells. Information is transmitted form cell to cell across synapses.

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4
Q

Input Zone

A

This zone of the neuron receives information from other cells through the dendrites.

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5
Q

Integration Zone

A

This zone of the neuron is also known as the soma/cell body, where inputs are combined and transformed.

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6
Q

Conduction Zone

A

This zone of a neuron has a single axon that leads away from the cell body and transmits the electrical impulse.

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7
Q

Output zone

A

This zone of the neuron is also known as the axon terminal. It is at the end of the axon and it communicates activity to other cells.

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8
Q

Multipolar Neuron

A

This type of neuron has one axon, many dendrites, and it the most common type.

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9
Q

Bipolar neurons

A

This type of neuron has one axon and one dendrite

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10
Q

Unipolar Neurons

A

This type of neuron has a single extension branches in two directions, forming a receptive pole and an output zone.

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11
Q

Motoneurons

A

These neurons stimulate muscles or glands.

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12
Q

Sensory neurons

A

These neurons respond to environmental stimuli, such as light, odor, or touch.

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13
Q

Interneurons

A

These neurons receive input from and send input to other neurons.

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14
Q

Autoradiography

A

method to show the distribution of radioactive chemicals in tissues.

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15
Q

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

A

an imaging method that can detect a protein in tissue:
An antibody binds to the protein.
Chemical treatments make the antibody visible.
Reveals cells that have a common protein.

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16
Q

In situ Hybridization

A

Imaging techniques that uses radioactive nucleic acid probes to label only neurons in which a gene of interest has been turned on.

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17
Q

Tract Tracer

A

Substances taken up by neurons and transported through their axons.

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18
Q

Aborization

A

The branched pattern of dendrites that facilitate contacts.

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19
Q

Presynaptic neuron

A

The neuron that send the message

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20
Q

Postsynaptic neuron

A

The neuron that receives the message.

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21
Q

Astrocytes

A

Star-shaped cells with many processes that receive neuronal input and monitor activity.

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22
Q

Microglial cells

A

Small cells that remove debris from injured cells.

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23
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Glial cells that form myelin sheath in the brain and spinal cord.

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24
Q

Schwan cells

A

Cell that provide myeling to cells outside the brain and spinal cord.

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25
Q

Myelination

A

The process in which glial cells wrap axons with a fatty sheath, myelin, to insulate and speed conduction.

26
Q

Preganglionic Neurons

A

These neurons run from the CNS to the autonomic ganglia .

27
Q

Postganglionic Neurons

A

These neurons run from the autonomic ganglia to targets in the body.

28
Q

Afferent

A

Carrying information into a region of interest.

29
Q

Efferent

A

Carrying information away from a region of interest.

30
Q

Postcentral gyrus

A

a strip of cortex behind the central cortex that is important for touch

31
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

In the frontal lobe, important for motor control.

32
Q

Gray Matter

A

Part of the cortex that contains more cell bodies and dendrites, which lack myelin

33
Q

white matter

A

Part of the cortex that consists mostly of axons with white myelin sheaths.

34
Q

Brainstem

A

The cerebellum, pons, and medulla

35
Q

Nucleus

A

A collection of neurons

36
Q

Tract

A

A bundle of axons

37
Q

Pyramidal Cells

A

The most prominent neurons in cerebral cortex

38
Q

Limbic System

A

Includes structure important for learning and memory such as the Amygdala, Mammillary Bodies, hippocampus, and fornix, Septal nuclei, Cingulate gyrus, Olfactory bulb, stria terminalis

39
Q

Amygdala

A

Part of the limbic system that controls Emotional regulation and perception of odor

40
Q

Mammillary bodies, hippocampus and fornix

A

Part of the limbic system that contributes to learning and memory.

41
Q

Septal nuclei

A

Part of the limbic system that helps with reward and reinforcement in learning

42
Q

Cingulate Gyrus

A

Part of the limbic system that helps with attention.

43
Q

Olfactory bulb

A

Part of the brain that in in charge of your sense of smell

44
Q

Stria Terminalis

A

Part of the limbic system that controls your sex and threat responses; integration of hormonal signals.

45
Q

Thalamus

A

Part of the diencephalon that is a cluster of nuclei that relays sensory information.

46
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Part of the diencephalon that contains nuclei with many vital functions; also controls the pituitary.

47
Q

Superior colliculi

A

Part of the midbrain that processes visual information

48
Q

Inferior colliculi

A

Part of the midbrain that processes auditory information

49
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Part of the midbrain involved with sleep and arousal, temperature control, and motor control

50
Q

Cerebellum

A

A part oft he brain involved in motor coordination and learning, consists of three layers: Purkinje Cell, Granule Cell, Parallel fibers.

51
Q

Purkinje cell layer

A

The middle layer of the cerebellum it’s large cells form a single layer

52
Q

Granule Cell layer

A

Innermost layer of the cerebellum composed of small neurons whose axons form the third layer.

53
Q

Parallel Fibers

A

The third layer of the cerebellum also called the molecular layer.

54
Q

Pons

A

Attached to the cerebellum and contains motor control and sensory nuclei and gives rise to cranial nerves

55
Q

Medulla

A

This part of the rain contains cranial nerve nuclei and marks the transition from brain to spinal cord.
Contains nuclei that regulate breathing and heart rate
All axons from the brain to the spinal cord pass through here.

56
Q

Meninges

A

Surrounds the brain and spinal cord to protect it. Has three protective membranes.

57
Q

Dura Mater

A

Tough outermost layer of the meninges

58
Q

Pia mater

A

The delicate innermost layer of the meninges.

59
Q

Arachnoid

A

The middle layer of the meninges that cushions the brain in cerebrospinal fluid

60
Q

Ventricular system

A

A system that is a series of chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid

61
Q

Angiogram

A

X-Ray of head with dye present in cerebral blood vessels

62
Q

Computerized axial tomography

A

A measure of X-ray absorption at several position around the head, maps tissue density (imaging technique)

Psychology (25 decks)

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