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Chapter 2 terms Flashcards

1
Q

Neurons

A

cells for the nervous system, most important part of the Nervous system

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2
Q

Glial Cells

A

These cells provide support for and contribute to information processing neurons

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3
Q

Neuron Doctrine

A

The idea that states the brain is composed of independent cells. Information is transmitted form cell to cell across synapses.

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4
Q

Input Zone

A

This zone of the neuron receives information from other cells through the dendrites.

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5
Q

Integration Zone

A

This zone of the neuron is also known as the soma/cell body, where inputs are combined and transformed.

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6
Q

Conduction Zone

A

This zone of a neuron has a single axon that leads away from the cell body and transmits the electrical impulse.

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7
Q

Output zone

A

This zone of the neuron is also known as the axon terminal. It is at the end of the axon and it communicates activity to other cells.

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8
Q

Multipolar Neuron

A

This type of neuron has one axon, many dendrites, and it the most common type.

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9
Q

Bipolar neurons

A

This type of neuron has one axon and one dendrite

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10
Q

Unipolar Neurons

A

This type of neuron has a single extension branches in two directions, forming a receptive pole and an output zone.

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11
Q

Motoneurons

A

These neurons stimulate muscles or glands.

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12
Q

Sensory neurons

A

These neurons respond to environmental stimuli, such as light, odor, or touch.

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13
Q

Interneurons

A

These neurons receive input from and send input to other neurons.

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14
Q

Autoradiography

A

method to show the distribution of radioactive chemicals in tissues.

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15
Q

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

A

an imaging method that can detect a protein in tissue:
An antibody binds to the protein.
Chemical treatments make the antibody visible.
Reveals cells that have a common protein.

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16
Q

In situ Hybridization

A

Imaging techniques that uses radioactive nucleic acid probes to label only neurons in which a gene of interest has been turned on.

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17
Q

Tract Tracer

A

Substances taken up by neurons and transported through their axons.

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18
Q

Aborization

A

The branched pattern of dendrites that facilitate contacts.

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19
Q

Presynaptic neuron

A

The neuron that send the message

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20
Q

Postsynaptic neuron

A

The neuron that receives the message.

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21
Q

Astrocytes

A

Star-shaped cells with many processes that receive neuronal input and monitor activity.

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22
Q

Microglial cells

A

Small cells that remove debris from injured cells.

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23
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Glial cells that form myelin sheath in the brain and spinal cord.

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24
Q

Schwan cells

A

Cell that provide myeling to cells outside the brain and spinal cord.

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25
Myelination
The process in which glial cells wrap axons with a fatty sheath, myelin, to insulate and speed conduction.
26
Preganglionic Neurons
These neurons run from the CNS to the autonomic ganglia .
27
Postganglionic Neurons
These neurons run from the autonomic ganglia to targets in the body.
28
Afferent
Carrying information into a region of interest.
29
Efferent
Carrying information away from a region of interest.
30
Postcentral gyrus
a strip of cortex behind the central cortex that is important for touch
31
Precentral gyrus
In the frontal lobe, important for motor control.
32
Gray Matter
Part of the cortex that contains more cell bodies and dendrites, which lack myelin
33
white matter
Part of the cortex that consists mostly of axons with white myelin sheaths.
34
Brainstem
The cerebellum, pons, and medulla
35
Nucleus
A collection of neurons
36
Tract
A bundle of axons
37
Pyramidal Cells
The most prominent neurons in cerebral cortex
38
Limbic System
Includes structure important for learning and memory such as the Amygdala, Mammillary Bodies, hippocampus, and fornix, Septal nuclei, Cingulate gyrus, Olfactory bulb, stria terminalis
39
Amygdala
Part of the limbic system that controls Emotional regulation and perception of odor
40
Mammillary bodies, hippocampus and fornix
Part of the limbic system that contributes to learning and memory.
41
Septal nuclei
Part of the limbic system that helps with reward and reinforcement in learning
42
Cingulate Gyrus
Part of the limbic system that helps with attention.
43
Olfactory bulb
Part of the brain that in in charge of your sense of smell
44
Stria Terminalis
Part of the limbic system that controls your sex and threat responses; integration of hormonal signals.
45
Thalamus
Part of the diencephalon that is a cluster of nuclei that relays sensory information.
46
Hypothalamus
Part of the diencephalon that contains nuclei with many vital functions; also controls the pituitary.
47
Superior colliculi
Part of the midbrain that processes visual information
48
Inferior colliculi
Part of the midbrain that processes auditory information
49
Reticular Formation
Part of the midbrain involved with sleep and arousal, temperature control, and motor control
50
Cerebellum
A part oft he brain involved in motor coordination and learning, consists of three layers: Purkinje Cell, Granule Cell, Parallel fibers.
51
Purkinje cell layer
The middle layer of the cerebellum it's large cells form a single layer
52
Granule Cell layer
Innermost layer of the cerebellum composed of small neurons whose axons form the third layer.
53
Parallel Fibers
The third layer of the cerebellum also called the molecular layer.
54
Pons
Attached to the cerebellum and contains motor control and sensory nuclei and gives rise to cranial nerves
55
Medulla
This part of the rain contains cranial nerve nuclei and marks the transition from brain to spinal cord. Contains nuclei that regulate breathing and heart rate All axons from the brain to the spinal cord pass through here.
56
Meninges
Surrounds the brain and spinal cord to protect it. Has three protective membranes.
57
Dura Mater
Tough outermost layer of the meninges
58
Pia mater
The delicate innermost layer of the meninges.
59
Arachnoid
The middle layer of the meninges that cushions the brain in cerebrospinal fluid
60
Ventricular system
A system that is a series of chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid
61
Angiogram
X-Ray of head with dye present in cerebral blood vessels
62
Computerized axial tomography
A measure of X-ray absorption at several position around the head, maps tissue density (imaging technique)

Psychology (25 decks)

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