chapter 5 terms

Question 1

Endocrine glands

Answer 1

These glands release hormones within the body.

Question 2

Exocrine glands

Answer 2

These glands use ducts to secrete fluids such as tears and sweat outside the body.

Question 3

Castration

Answer 3

Removal of the gonads (usually testes), results in behavioral and physiological changes.

Question 4

Endocrine communication

Answer 4

A hormone is released into the bloodstream to act on target tissues.

Question 5

Synaptic Communication

Answer 5

Neurocrine function- involves chemical release and diffusion across a synapse.

Question 6

Autocrine communication

Answer 6

when a released chemical acts on the releasing cell.

Question 7

Paracrine communication

Answer 7

When the released chemical diffuses to nearby target cells.

Question 8

Pheromone communication

Answer 8

The hormones can be used to communicate between individuals of the same species.

Question 9

Allomone communication

Answer 9

chemicals released to facilitate interspecies communication

Question 10

Neuroendocrine cells

Answer 10

THese neurons release hormonees into the blood.

Question 11

Neuropeptides

Answer 11

proteins used by neurons that can act as neuromodulators and alter sensitivity

Question 12

Neuromodulators

Answer 12

these things can modify the reactivity of cells to specific transmitters- they act more slowly that neurotransmitters and have longer lasting effects.

Question 13

Peptide hormone

Answer 13

Protein hormone, a hormone that is a string of amino acids

Question 14

Amine hormones

Answer 14

modified amino acids, called monoamine hormones

Question 15

Steroid hormones

Answer 15

Four rings for carbon atoms (derivatives of cholesterol)

Question 16

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Answer 16

A second messenger that transmits messages of many peptide and amine hormones.

Question 17

Negative feedback

Answer 17

output feeds back and inhibits further secretion. A type of feedback.

Question 18

pituitary gland

Answer 18

This gland releases important hormones and has two main parts

Question 19

Posterior pituitary

Answer 19

This part of the pituitary secretes oxytocin and arginine vasopressin.

Question 20

Oxytocin

Answer 20

A hormone involved in reporductive and parenting behavior and also in uterine contraction and the milk letdown reflex

Question 21

Arginine Vasopressin

Answer 21

this hormone increases blood pressure and inhibits urine formation.

Question 22

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Answer 22

Controls production and release of adrenal cortex steroid hormones

Question 23

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Answer 23

increases thyroid hormone release

Question 24

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Answer 24

Stimulates egg containing follicles in females or sperm production in males.

Question 25

Lutenizing hormone

Answer 25

stimulates follicles to form the corpora lutea in females and testosterone production by the testes in males.

Question 26

Prolactin

Answer 26

Stimulates lactation in females and is involved in parental behavior.

Question 27

Growth hormone

Answer 27

somatotropin or somatotropic hormone, influences growth, mostly during sleep. The stomach hormone ghrelin also evokes the release of this hormone

Question 28

Somatomedins

Answer 28

Hormones that normally air growth are released by the liver in response to GH

Question 29

Glucocorticoids

Answer 29

A subgroup involved with glucose metabolism.

Question 30

cortisol

Answer 30

a glucocorticoid stress hormone that increases blood glucose and breaks down protein.

Question 31

Minerlocorticoids

Answer 31

adrenal steroids that affect ion concentrations in tissues.

Question 32

Pineal gland

Answer 32

A single gland on top of the brainstem. It secretes melatonin