Behavior Mod Exam 1 Flashcards
Overt Behavior
Behavior that is observable such as running, talking, smiling
Covert Behavior
Behavior that is unobservable such as thinking or imagining
Interobserver Reliability
Calculates the reliability of the observers’ data. You divide the respective data from two observers and multiply by 100 to get this
A-B Design
Experimental design with on baseline and one treatment. There is no replication. It does not demonstrate a functional relationship. Usually for clinical practice or self-management projects.
A-B-A-B Reversal Design
Experimental design where the baseline and treatment phases are implemented twice for one behavior of one subject.
Multiple Baselines Design
Experimental design involving the careful measurement of multiple persons, traits or settings both before and after a treatment. This design is used in medical, psychological and biological research to name a few areas.
Multiple Baselines Across Settings
Experimental design in which a participant demonstrates target behavior across three or more settings (conditions) Select an intervention that is likely to have the same effect across multiple settings
Multiple Baselines across Behaviors
Experimentaldesign where a single participant who demonstrates three or more behaviors that require intervention Behaviors should be likely to respond to a similar intervention . Behaviors should be functionally similar but independent Experimenter must use a consistent measurement procedure for each behavior .
Multiple Baselines Across Subjects
Experimental Design where three or more individuals
with same/similar behaviors who are likely to respond in a similar way to the intervention. Experimenter must use consistent measurement procedures with each participant/behavior
Alternating Treatments Design
a type of single-participant experimental design characterized by rapid and random/semirandom shifts between two or more conditions. Essentially, conditions are alternated as often as necessary to capture meaningful measurement of the behavior of interest.
Changing Criterion Design
An experimental design in which an initial baseline phase is followed by a series of treatment phases consisting of successive and gradual changing criteria for reinforcement or punishment. Experimental control is evidenced by the extent the level of responding changes to conform to each new criterion.
Fixed Ratio Reinforcement Schedules
The reinforcer is applied after some UNCHANGING number of responses in which the target behavior is performed. Produces a high rate/post-reinforcement pause.
Variable Ratio Reinforcement Schedules
The reinforcer is applied after some CHANGING number of responses in which the target behavior is performed.
Fixed Interval Reinforcement Schedule
The reinforcer is appliedfor the first response and then after some unchanging amount of time. So every nth amount time the reinforcer is applied
Variable Interval Reinforcement Schedule
The reinforcer is applied for the first response and then it is applied after some changing amount of time.
Concurrent Schedules of Reinforcement
Because people can emit several different behaviors in a particular situation (concurrent operants). Each operant behavior has its own schedule of reinforcement.
Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior
This technique of reinforcement is used when you want one behavior to go extinct and to be replaced by a more functional, and desirable behavior
Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
Desirable and undesirable behaviors are inconsistent. Both cannnot be done at the same time. The subject must choose. The desirable behavior is reinforced, while the undesirable behavior becomes less convenient and weakens.
Differential Reinforcement of Communication
The Desirable behavior is communication and it is an easier option and results in reinforcement.
Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior
In this reinforcement technique the reinforcer is delivered for the absence for the problem behavior
Overcorrection
A type of aversive activity as means of punishment that involves an individual engaging in effortful behavior related to the problem behavior
Positive practice
A type of aversive activity as means of punishment that involves and individual engaging in correct form of relevant behavior for a period of time. The relevant behavior depends on the problem behavior
Restitution
An Aversive activity contingent to the problem behavior where the individual has to fix the environment disrupted by their problem behavior.
Contingent Exercise
Contingent on the problem the individual engages in some effortful behavior for a period of time butt he effortful behavior is not related to the problem behavior.
I.E. you get a bad grade so your parents put you on dish duty.
