Behavior Mod Exam 1

Question 1

Overt Behavior

Answer 1

Behavior that is observable such as running, talking, smiling

Question 2

Covert Behavior

Answer 2

Behavior that is unobservable such as thinking or imagining

Question 3

Interobserver Reliability

Answer 3

Calculates the reliability of the observers’ data. You divide the respective data from two observers and multiply by 100 to get this

Question 4

A-B Design

Answer 4

Experimental design with on baseline and one treatment. There is no replication. It does not demonstrate a functional relationship. Usually for clinical practice or self-management projects.

Question 5

A-B-A-B Reversal Design

Answer 5

Experimental design where the baseline and treatment phases are implemented twice for one behavior of one subject.

Question 6

Multiple Baselines Design

Answer 6

Experimental design involving the careful measurement of multiple persons, traits or settings both before and after a treatment. This design is used in medical, psychological and biological research to name a few areas.

Question 7

Multiple Baselines Across Settings

Answer 7

Experimental design in which a participant demonstrates target behavior across three or more settings (conditions) Select an intervention that is likely to have the same effect across multiple settings

Question 8

Multiple Baselines across Behaviors

Answer 8

Experimentaldesign where a single participant who demonstrates three or more behaviors that require intervention Behaviors should be likely to respond to a similar intervention . Behaviors should be functionally similar but independent Experimenter must use a consistent measurement procedure for each behavior .

Question 9

Multiple Baselines Across Subjects

Answer 9

Experimental Design where three or more individuals
with same/similar behaviors who are likely to respond in a similar way to the intervention. Experimenter must use consistent measurement procedures with each participant/behavior

Question 10

Alternating Treatments Design

Answer 10

a type of single-participant experimental design characterized by rapid and random/semirandom shifts between two or more conditions. Essentially, conditions are alternated as often as necessary to capture meaningful measurement of the behavior of interest.

Question 11

Changing Criterion Design

Answer 11

An experimental design in which an initial baseline phase is followed by a series of treatment phases consisting of successive and gradual changing criteria for reinforcement or punishment. Experimental control is evidenced by the extent the level of responding changes to conform to each new criterion.

Question 12

Fixed Ratio Reinforcement Schedules

Answer 12

The reinforcer is applied after some UNCHANGING number of responses in which the target behavior is performed. Produces a high rate/post-reinforcement pause.

Question 13

Variable Ratio Reinforcement Schedules

Answer 13

The reinforcer is applied after some CHANGING number of responses in which the target behavior is performed.

Question 14

Fixed Interval Reinforcement Schedule

Answer 14

The reinforcer is appliedfor the first response and then after some unchanging amount of time. So every nth amount time the reinforcer is applied

Question 15

Variable Interval Reinforcement Schedule

Answer 15

The reinforcer is applied for the first response and then it is applied after some changing amount of time.

Question 16

Concurrent Schedules of Reinforcement

Answer 16

Because people can emit several different behaviors in a particular situation (concurrent operants). Each operant behavior has its own schedule of reinforcement.

Question 17

Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior

Answer 17

This technique of reinforcement is used when you want one behavior to go extinct and to be replaced by a more functional, and desirable behavior

Question 18

Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior

Answer 18

Desirable and undesirable behaviors are inconsistent. Both cannnot be done at the same time. The subject must choose. The desirable behavior is reinforced, while the undesirable behavior becomes less convenient and weakens.

Question 19

Differential Reinforcement of Communication

Answer 19

The Desirable behavior is communication and it is an easier option and results in reinforcement.

Question 20

Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior

Answer 20

In this reinforcement technique the reinforcer is delivered for the absence for the problem behavior

Question 21

Overcorrection

Answer 21

A type of aversive activity as means of punishment that involves an individual engaging in effortful behavior related to the problem behavior

Question 22

Positive practice

Answer 22

A type of aversive activity as means of punishment that involves and individual engaging in correct form of relevant behavior for a period of time. The relevant behavior depends on the problem behavior

Question 23

Restitution

Answer 23

An Aversive activity contingent to the problem behavior where the individual has to fix the environment disrupted by their problem behavior.

Question 24

Contingent Exercise

Answer 24

Contingent on the problem the individual engages in some effortful behavior for a period of time butt he effortful behavior is not related to the problem behavior.
I.E. you get a bad grade so your parents put you on dish duty.