Exam 2

Question 1

When ecstasy (MDMA) interferes with the reuptake of serotonin, it functions has a serotonin_____.

Answer 1

agonist

Question 2

When an _____ binds to a receptor, it produces the opposite effect of the naturally occurring transmitter.

Answer 2

inverse agonist

Question 3

When repeated use of a drug results in faster breakdown of the drug by the liver this can result in____.

Answer 3

Metabolic tolerance

Question 4

Caffeine is the most beloved ____ because it alters the receptor’s response to the neurotransmitter adenosine.

Answer 4

neuromodulator

Question 5

Neuroleptics are mainly prescribed to treat____.

Answer 5

Schizophrenia

Question 6

MAO inhibits are mainly prescribed to treat the symptoms of_____.

Answer 6

depression

Question 7

Benzodiazepines like valium reduce anxiety by binding to a _____ receptor.

Answer 7

GABA-A

Question 8

THC from marijuana binds to _____ receptors.

Answer 8

Endocannabinoid

Question 9

Dependence on cocaethyline resulting from alcohol and cocaine use illustrates the problem of _____.

Answer 9

dual dependence

Question 10

A_____ is a substance that binds to a receptor.

Answer 10

ligand

Question 11

_____ is a retrograde transmitter.

Answer 11

Anandamine (also BDNF, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide)

Question 12

____ is a gaseous transmitter.

Answer 12

Carbon monoxide, nitric oxide

Question 13

Which dopamine pathway targets the basal ganglia?

Answer 13

nigostriatal or mesostriatal

Question 14

Which brainstem nucleus is the source of most noradrenergic neurons?

Answer 14

Locus coeruleus

Question 15

______ neurons in the basal forebrain play a important role in memory.

Answer 15

Cholinergic

Question 16

PCP blocks _____ NMDA receptors.

Answer 16

glutamate

Question 17

Addictive drugs increase dopamine release at the______.

Answer 17

nucleus accumbens

Question 18

The adrenal gland is an ______ gland because it secretes products into the bloodstreams.

Answer 18

endocrine

Question 19

_______ is the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment.

Answer 19

Homeostasis

Question 20

Animals release ____ to communicate with membrane of their own species.

Answer 20

pheromones

Question 21

In _____ communication, a spider releases a chemical to attract moths to their grisly deaths.

Answer 21

allomone

Question 22

To maximize the impact of hormones glands often release them ____.

Answer 22

in pulses.

Question 23

A____ has a specific gene that has been experimentally disabled.

Answer 23

Knockout organism

Question 24

Which method allows us to measure hormone levels in the blood?

Answer 24

radioimmunoassay

Question 25

Which gland secretes epinephrine?

Answer 25

Adrenal medulla

Question 26

Which gland cortisol?

Answer 26

adrenal cortex

Question 27

Compare the speed of protein and steroid hormone actions.

Answer 27

protein hormone actions are generally faster.

Question 28

______stimulates glycogen formation and storage.

Answer 28

Insulin

Question 29

ACTH targets the ______.

Answer 29

adrenal cortex

Question 30

Name hormone released by the posterior pituitary.

Answer 30

oxytocin, vasopressin