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NS372—Assessment > Exam 5 > Flashcards

Exam 5 Flashcards

1
Q

amsler grid

A

test used to diagnose vision problems (especially macular degeneration)

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2
Q

distant visual acuity - CNII - pt should be 20 feet away

A

snellen chart

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3
Q

hold handheld vision card ___ away

A

14 in

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4
Q

face pt 2 feet away - cover one eye - test when they can see your hands with peripheral vision

A

confrontation test

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5
Q

shine light 12 inches away - reflection of light on corneas should be in same spot on each eye - if asymmetric, may indicate muscle weakness/paralysis on one eye

A

corneal light reflex (Hirschberg)

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6
Q

test color vision

A

ishari plates

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7
Q

position for examining lacrimal apparatus

A

supine

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8
Q

fog/dark spot in center of vision - loss of central vision

A

macular degeneration

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9
Q

halos around lights

A

glaucoma

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10
Q

floaters located in…

A

vitreous humor

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11
Q

drooping eyelids

A

ptosis

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12
Q

eyelashes turn inward/inverted

A

entropion

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13
Q

eyelashes turn outward

A

ectropion

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14
Q

swelling of optic nerve

A

papilledema

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15
Q

inflammation of eyelids, typically Staph infection

A

blespharitis

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16
Q

pinkeye

A

conjunctivitis

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17
Q

inflammation of episcleral layer

A

diffuse episcleritis

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18
Q

styes (2)

A

hordeolum & chalazion

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19
Q

pinkish triangle growing in eye - grows toward inner canthus from the outer

A

pterygium

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20
Q

lens becomes opaque

A

cataract

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21
Q

pupil constriction

A

miosis

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22
Q

pupil dilation

A

midriasis

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23
Q

one pupil dilated, the other constricted

one reacts to light more

A

anisocoricas

Adie pupils

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24
Q

muscle wasting in eye

A

optic atrophy

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25
Q

misalignment of eyes

A

strabismus

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26
Q

one eye points inward

A

esotropia

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27
Q

one eye points outward

A

exotropia

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28
Q

subconjunctival hemorrhage caused by…

A

caused by any strain (vomiting, lifting something, sneezing etc)

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29
Q

electronic impulse sent to brain from inner ear

A

peripheral hearing

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30
Q

sound is identified in the…

A

brain stem

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31
Q

interprets sound

A

cerebral cortex

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32
Q

ear discharge

A

otorrhea

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33
Q

ear pain

A

otalgia

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34
Q

inner ear disorder - tinnitus; nerve deafness; vertigo (Romberg test)

A

Meniere’s disease

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35
Q

blockage; otosclerosis (inherited bone disorder, irregular stapes - causes tinnitus); otitis (infection)

A

conductive impairment

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36
Q

problem with inner ear, CNVIII, or cerebral cortex

A

sensorineural impairment

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37
Q

presbycusis is a ____ type of deafness

A

sensorineural

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38
Q

r/f for hearing loss

A
  • Medications causing ototoxicity - antibiotics, cancer meds, NSAIDS, etc
  • Exposure to loud sounds
  • Infection - syphilis, rubella
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39
Q

4 quadrants of breast

A
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40
Q

most likely location for breast cancer

A

tail of spence

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41
Q

3 types of breast tissue

A
  • glandular tissue - radiates from nipples
  • fibrous tissue - from surface of breast - attaches breast to chest wall
  • adipost tissue - fatty portion embedded into different lobes
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42
Q

4 major lymph nodes around breast

A
  • lateral (brachial) - drains the system
  • central (midaxillary)
  • anterior (pectoral)
  • posterior (subscapular)
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43
Q

orange peel appearance around hair follicles of breast

A

peau d’orange

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44
Q

ask patients suspecting breast cancer if…

A

sx change during menstrual cycle

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45
Q

r/f for breast cancer

A
  • menarche at early age (before 12yo)
  • late menopause (after 52yo)
  • family hx of gynecomastia
  • family hx of breast cancer
  • pregnancy after 30yo
  • never being pregnant
  • hx of mastitis
  • not breastfeeding
  • exposure to radiation, benzene, asbestos
  • hormones, contraceptives, antipsychotic meds
  • alcohol & tobacco consumption
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46
Q

3 breast cancer related genes

A
  • BRCA1 - breast cancer gene 1
  • BRCA2- breast cancer gene 2
  • HER2 - important to breast cancer growth
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47
Q

what to teach pts about breast cancer screening

A
  • monthly breast self-exams important - in the shower, in front of the mirror - 5-7 days after menstruation
  • yearly professional screening at 40-44yo
  • mammograms
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48
Q

positioning for breast exam

A
  • have pt sit up straight, expose both breasts
    • arms up, hands on hips, clasp hands in front of stomach
    • have pts with large breasts lean forward
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49
Q

3 patterns of breast exam

A

zigzag; circular/concentric; radial

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50
Q

nipple exam

A
  • supine position with pillow beneath shoulders, arms raised above head
  • express for discharge (milk normal during pregnancy & lactation)
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51
Q

benign growth of breast tissue in males

A

gynecomastia

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52
Q

males at risk for gynecomastia

A

males 13-14yo

older males (reduced testosterone)

Cushing’s syndrome

cirrhosis

hypothyroidism

excessive alcohol & marijuana use

medications (spironolactone, Flagyl)

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53
Q

usually unilateral - nipple retracts & disappears

A

paget disease

54
Q

forms vas deferens

A

spermatic cord

55
Q

pathway of vas deferens

A

originates in testicles, runs deep into inguinal ring, around bladder to seminal vesicle - empties into urethra during sex

56
Q

do not pass through inguinal canal

A

femoral artery

epididymus

57
Q

continuation of abd wall - contains testes

A

scrotal sac

58
Q

how temp affects scrotal sac

A
  • cold causes cremaster muscles to contract, raising testicles closer to body - must maintain certain temperature for sperm to survive
  • hot causes cremaster muscles to relax
59
Q

coiled duct system on posterior surface of testes - storage site of sperm

A

epididymus

60
Q

r/f for prostate cancer

A

african americans

61
Q

r/f for penile cancer

A

HPV

62
Q

teaching pts about testicular self exams

A

monthly, starting age 13

in shower or in front of mirror

63
Q

measures size of genitalia, breasts as pt matures

A

Tanner staging (1-5)

64
Q

5 Ps to ask about STIs

A
  • sexual partners
  • practices
  • protection during sex
  • history of past STIs
  • preventive measures used
65
Q

r/f for HIV

A
  • unprotected sex
  • anal sex
  • having another STI
  • IV drug use, needle sharing
  • uncircumcised
  • fetus of HIV + mother
  • exchange of blood/bodily fluid
66
Q

effects of aging on vitals

A

BP rises

RR rises (12-24 norm)

pulse remains same

67
Q

effects of aging on integ

A
  • wrinkles
  • skin becomes drier - hormonal changes
  • loss of collagen
  • epidermis regenerates every 30 days (rather than 20)
  • hair becomes more coarse, thin
68
Q

effects of aging on head & neck

A
  • sensory changes - presbyopia (begins around age 42), presbycusis (usually sensorineural)
  • look for precancerous lesions in mouth
  • mouth dryness
  • dental caries, dentures
69
Q

effects of aging on thorax

A
  • lungs - changes in gas exchange
  • heart & vessels - sclerotic changes in cardiac muscle - CO declines in 35% of people >40yo
  • kyphosis, scoliosis, lordosis
70
Q

effects of aging on peripheral vascular & lymphatic

A
  • atherosclerosis
  • narrowing of peripheral vessels - resistance to bloodflow
  • HTN
  • decreased immune function
71
Q

1 presenting condition for older adults

A

falls

72
Q

intrinsic fall risks

A

gait & balance changes; taking multiple medications increases risk; cognitive changes such as confusion, disorientation (UTI, etc)

73
Q

extrinsic fall risks

A

rugs; poor lighting; equipment (O2, etc); shoes; unfamiliar setting

74
Q

used to assess fall risk

A

Morse scale

75
Q

common neuro problem for older adults

A

depression

76
Q
A

arcus senilis

77
Q
A

anisocoria

78
Q

lazy eye

A

amblyopia

79
Q
A

blepharitis

80
Q
A

coloboma

81
Q
A

entropion

82
Q
A

ectropion

83
Q

bleeding in eye

A

hyphema

84
Q
A

strabismus

85
Q
A

ptosis

86
Q

noncancerous growth in conjunctiva

A

pterygium

87
Q
A

Xanthelasma

88
Q
A

lacrimal gland

89
Q
A

amsler grid

90
Q

CNII function

A

vision

91
Q

CNIII function

A

eye movement—medial, up, down & out
eyelid movement
pupillary light reflex

92
Q

CNIV function

A

eye movement—down & in

93
Q

CNVI function

A

eye movement—lateral

94
Q

swimmer’s ear

A

otitis externa

95
Q

a skin-lined cyst that begins at the margin of the eardrum and invades the middle ear and mastoid

A

Cholesteatoma

96
Q
A

otitis media

97
Q

serious bacterial infection that affects the bone behind the ear

A

mastoiditis

98
Q
A

malleus, incus, stapes

99
Q
A

Weber test

100
Q
A

Rinne test

101
Q

population?

A

cutaneous horn

older adults

102
Q
A

cherry angiomas

103
Q

“sun spots”

A

solar lentigo

104
Q
A

actinic keratosis

105
Q
A

cutaneous tags

106
Q
A

Paget disease

107
Q

region

A

tail of spence

108
Q

pink part

A

cooper ligaments

109
Q

combination of milk glands and sebaceous glands.

A

Mongtomery glands

110
Q

beginning of adult breast development

A

thelarche

111
Q

inflammation of breast, usually affecting breastfeeding women

A

mastitis

112
Q

carry milk from mammary lobe to nipple pore

A

lactiferous ducts

113
Q

painful menstruation

A

dysmenorrhea

114
Q
A

peau d’orange

115
Q
A

supernummary nipple

116
Q
A

milk lines (ventral epidermal ridges)

precursors to mammary glands and nipples in embryo development

117
Q

diagnosis of menopause

A

12 months after last period

118
Q

introitus

A

vaginal opening

119
Q
A

cystocele

120
Q
A

rectocele

121
Q
A

hypospadias

122
Q
A

epispadias

123
Q

fluid in scrotal sac around testicle

A

hydrocele

124
Q

normal PSA

A

1-1.5

125
Q
A

strangulated hernia

126
Q
A

varicocele

127
Q

incarcerated hernia leads to..

A

strangulation (↓ blood supply)

128
Q
A

seborrheic keratosis

129
Q

foreskin too tight to be pulled back

A

phimosis

130
Q

gap between eyelids

A

palpebral fissure

131
Q

punctum is part of…

A

lacrimal apparatus

NS372—Assessment (17 decks)

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