Chapter 22—Neurological Flashcards
anosmia
loss of smell
vertigo
sudden internal or external spinning sensation

Bell’s palsy
aphonia
total loss of voice
echolalia
seen in?
repeating of words
autism
stereognosis
ability to perceive and recognize the form of an object in the absence of visual and auditory information, by using tactile information
word salad
receptive aphasia
dysarthria
slurred speech - difficulty understanding them - based on motor problem
aphasia
difficulty speaking
aphasia of Wernicke’s area
receptive aphasia
aphasia of Broca’s area
expressive aphasia
dysphonia
hoarseness
graphesthesia
ability to recognize symbols when they’re traced on the skin
Babinski reflex normal vs abnormal
normal - toes go down
abnormal - toes fan up

Kernig’s sign
Kernig’s sign used to dx
meningitis
positive Kernig’s
pain or resistance with passive extension of the patient’s knees past 135 degrees
3 parts of GCS
Eye opening
Verbal response
Motor response
GCS results
15 — best response
8 or less — comatose
3 — lowest score, unresponsive
global aphasia
cannot recognize or understand words - cannot speak - cannot read or write

spastic hemiparesis

scissors gait

cerebellar ataxia gait
cerebellar vs sensory ataxia
cerebellar - eyes open
sensory - eyes closed

steppage gait

Parkinsonian/shuffling gait
outside of the cerebrum
cerebral cortex
complex cognition (orientation, memory, insight, judgement, arithmetic, abstraction)
language
voluntary motor function
emotional responses
personality
impulse control
social behavior
frontal lobe
recognizes size, shape, texture of objects
interprets touch, pressure, pain
parietal lobe
location of Wernicke area
left parietal lobe
location of Broca area
frontal lobe
primary visual area
occipital lobe
registers auditory input
responsible for hearing, speech, behavior, and memory
temporal lobe
hippocampus & amygdaloid nucleus
primarily concerned with self preservation
recall of pleasurable, unpleasant, or dangerous events
mood & emotional responses
feeding & sexual behaviors
primitive survival behaviors
limbic system/lobe
controls vital functions of temp, HR, BP, sleep, pituitary, autonomic NS, emotions
hypothalamus
autonomic centers for respiratory, cardiac, vasomotor function
sneezing, swallowing, vomiting, hiccups, coughing
medulla
contains 2 respiratory centers
pons
relays sensory info
control of spinal motor neurons
control of vasomotor & respiratory activity
wakefulness, attention
responsiveness of cortical neurons
reticular formation
coordinates voluntary movement, posture, muscle tone, balance
cerebellum