Chapter 16—Thorax & Lungs Flashcards

1
Q
A

pectus carinatum

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2
Q
A

pectus excavatum

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3
Q
A

scoliosis

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4
Q
A

kyphosis

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5
Q
A

lordosis

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6
Q
A

chest expansion assessment

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7
Q
A

fremitus assessment

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8
Q
A

lung palpation order

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9
Q

swelling or hardening of normally soft tissue (in lungs)

A

consolidation

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10
Q

bronchophony

repeat “_”

should be…

will be…. over consolidation

usually caused by… (3)

A

ask to repeat “99”

should be soft/muffled

will be clear, loud over condolidation - sounds like pt is speaking directly into stethoscope

usually caused by pneumonia, atelectasis, or tumor

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11
Q

egophony

repeat “__”

should be…

will sound like….. over consolidation

A

ask pt to repeat “E”

should be soft

will sound like an “A” over consolidation

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12
Q

whisper pectoriloquy

repeat “___”

should be…

will sound …. over consolidation

A

ask pt to repeat “1, 2, 3”

should be faint and muffled

will sound clear over consolidation

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13
Q

fremitus

pt says “__”

use …. surface of hand

where to place hands?

increased by…

decreased by…

A

vibration palpated when pt says “99”

use palmar or ulnar surface of hands on pt’s upper back

increased by consolidation, will be unequal on each side

decreased by air or fluid, indicating emphysema or pleural effusion

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14
Q

assessing lung expansion

where to place hands?

normal?

abnormal?… indicates what?

decreased expansion indicates…?

A

place hands on pt’s back level with T9-10 (or on anterior chest)

should expand equally c inspiration

inequality indicates atelectasis, pneumonia, chest trauma, pneumothorax

decreased expansion indicates COPD

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15
Q

biot respiration

A

regular deep inspirations followed by periods of apnea

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16
Q

normal bronchial sounds

pitch & volume

location

A

loud, high pitched

found over trachea & larynx

17
Q

normal bronchovesicular sounds

pitch & volume

location

I & E time?

A

middle pitch and volume

over major bronchi with fewer alveoli - upper third of chest

equal inspiratory & expiratory time

18
Q

normal vesicular sounds

pitch, volume

location

A

soft, low pitched

alveoli of lungs

19
Q

dividec into fine and coarse sounds

A

crackles/rales

20
Q

divided into sibilant (hissing) and sonorous (deep) sounds

A

wheezing

21
Q

FLATNESS
intensity, pitch, duration, normal, pathological

A

soft

high

short

thigh

pleural effusion

22
Q

DULLNESS
intensity, pitch, duration, normal, pathological

A

medium

medium

medium

liver

lobar pneumonia

23
Q

RESONANCE
intensity, pitch, duration, normal, pathological

A

loud

low

long

healthy lung

chronic bronchitis

24
Q

HYPERRESONANCE
intensity, pitch, duration, normal, pathological

A

very loud

lower

longer

no healthy

COPD, pneumothorax

25
Q

TYMPANY
intensity, pitch, duration, normal, pathological

A

loud

high

longer

puffed cheek

pneumothorax

26
Q

crackles

describe?

I or E?

caused by?

cleared by cough?

A

high pitched popping noises

on inspiration

fluid in lungs

not cleared by cough

27
Q

fine crackles heard where?

A

base of lungs

28
Q

wheezing

describe

caused by?

A

continuous, musical

narrowing of airways

29
Q

rhonchi

describe

location

caused by…

elimiated by coughing?

A

low pitched continuous wheezing - snoring/moaning sound

midline of chest

secretions in airways

usually eliminated by coughing

30
Q

stridor

describe

volume & location

caused by…

A

high pitched, musical inspiration

louder over throat than wheezing

caused by partially obstructed upper airway

31
Q

lung sound like walking on snow

A

pleural friction rub

32
Q

pleural friction rub

describe

eliminated by coughing?

A

creaking or grating

not altered by coughing