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NS372—Assessment > Chapter 17—Cardio & Lymph > Flashcards

Chapter 17—Cardio & Lymph Flashcards

1
Q

diastole

valves opening and closing?

chambers filling & relaxing?

A
  • AV valves open
  • ventricles relaxed & filling
  • SL valves closed
  • atria contracting
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2
Q

systole

valves opening and closing?

chambers filling & relaxing?

A

AV valves closed
ventricles contract
SL valves open
atria relaxed

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3
Q

what is S1?

what does it signify?

where do we hear it?

A

Lub
closure of AV valves
start of systole
apex of heart (PMI)

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4
Q

What is S2?

what does it signify?

where do we hear it?

A

Dub
closure of SL valves
start of diastole
base of heart (2nd ICS)

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5
Q

spots to listen to valves of the heart (5)

A
  • Aortic - 2nd ICS, R sternal border
  • Pulmonic - 2nd ICS, L sternal border
  • Erb’s - 3rd ICS, L sternal border
  • Tricuspid - 4th ICS, L sternal border
  • Mitral - 5th ICS, L midclavicular - point of maximum impact (PMI)
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6
Q

S3

technical name

“___”

caused by…

pathological? normal?

heard where/how?

A

Ventricular Gallop

“Kentucky”

rapidly flowing blood hits compliant ventricular wall

pathological in most adults

normal in children/young adults/pregnancy/athletes

apex with bell

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7
Q

S4

technical name

“___”

caused by…

pathological? normal?

heard where/how?

A

Atrial Gallop

“Tennessee”

blood hits less compliant ventricle

almost never normal

diastolic HF, untreated HTN, coronary heart disease, aortic stenosis, etc

apex with bell

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8
Q

turbulent blood flow caused by leaky valves

A

murmur

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9
Q

how are murmurs graded?

A

1-6

1 is quietest, 6 is strongest

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10
Q

at what grade can you palpate a murmur?

A

4 +

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11
Q

what is a thrill?

A

palpable murmurs

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12
Q

CO =

A

stroke volume x HR

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13
Q

what is preload?

A

volume of blood at end of diastole

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14
Q

what is afterload?

A

pressure the ventricle has to overcome to eject blood into aorta

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15
Q

what is depolarization?

A

contraction

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16
Q

what is repolarization?

A

relaxation

17
Q

primary pacemaker

A

sinoatrial node

18
Q

other fibers that control cardiac rhythm if SA node fails

A

AV node

Bundle of His

Purkinje fibers

19
Q

what does HR drop down to if AV node or Purkinje fibers have to take over conduction?

A
  • AV - 40-60 bpm
  • Purkinje - 20-40 bpm
20
Q

what is P-R?

A

beginning of electrical conduction in atria

21
Q

what is the Q-R-S complex?

A

coincides with ventricles’ contraction

22
Q

what is the S-T interval?

A

heart muscles relax & fill

23
Q

what is T?

A

beginning of the next electrical conduction

24
Q

normal jugular vein

A

6-8 cm

25
Q

JVP indicates… (4)

A

right sided heart failure

pulmonary HTN

PE

cardiac tamponade

26
Q

how to check JVP

A

stand on right side, HOB at 30-45, turn head to left, shine flashlight, look for pulsation

27
Q

intermittent pain r/t PVD, often with activity & relieved by rest

A

intermittent claudication

28
Q

Allen test

A

obliterate radial & ulnar pulses - release one at a time to see if BF returns

29
Q

hands - numbness, tingling, pain, coolness, extreme pallor, extreme abrupt tricolor in hands with cold

A

Raynaud’s disease/sign

30
Q

manual compression assessment of veins

palpable vein indicates?

A

incompetent venous valve

31
Q

pressure buildup from internal bleeding/edema - decreases BF - severe pain

A

compartment syndrome

32
Q

thickening of inner wall of artery

A

arteriosclerosis

33
Q

plaque formation in arteries

A

atherosclerosis

34
Q

arterial ulcers

edges?

colors?

temp?

dry/wet?

pain?

skin appearance?

location?

A

well defined edges

deep pale base - black necrotic tissue

cool skin

dry ulcer

intense pain

shiny hairless skin

on distal toes or foot

35
Q

venous ulcers

edges?

colors?

temp?

dry/wet?

pain?

location?

skin appearance?

A

uneven edges

reddish brown - pale dead tissue lining crater

warm skin

exudate

moderate/no pain - itching

usually around ankle

darkening skin

36
Q

Virchow’s node

A

left supraclavicular

37
Q

location of iliac nodes

A

pelvic girdle

38
Q

Label: P, Q, R, S, T

A

NS372—Assessment (17 decks)

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