Exam 4—HEENT & MSK Flashcards
epistaxis
nosebleed
Exophthalmos
bulging eyes
hyperthyroidism
Scleroderma
hardening of connective tissue - tight, hardened, shiny skin
acromegaly caused by…
excessive GH from pituitary
bell’s palsy affects CN__
7 - facial
mastoid process
anterior cervical triangle
posterior cervical triangle
tragus
shortened SCM muscle in babies causing their neck to be twisted
torticollis
keeps tongue anchored to floor of mouth
frenulum
CN facial sensation
V - trigeminal
CN facial movement
VII - facial
CN neck, shoulder movement
XI - spinal accessory
HEENT
head
eyes
ears
neck
throat
parotid gland
parotid enlargement indicates…
mumps
submandibular gland
sublingual gland
lymph nodes of head/neck (10)
- preauricular
- posterior auricular
- occipital
- superficial cervical
- deep cervical
- posterior cervical
- supraclavicular
- tonsillar
- submental
- submandibular
location of thyroid
Below cricoid cartilage (Adam’s apple), above tracheal rings
Cushing’s syndrome
excess cortisol from adrenals; steroid use - fat redistribution, rounded face, increased body hair
excess CSF
hydrocephalus
enlarged left supraclavicular node indicates…
metastasis from thorax/abdomen
muscle weakness
irritability
decreased weight
heat intolerance
irregular menses
flushed skin
hyperthyroidism
muscle weakness
apathy, depression
increased weight
increased sleep
cold intolerance
coarse dry skin
hypothyroidism
seizure interventions (9)
bed low
3 rails up
padded rails
side lying
pillow under head
suction available
privacy
time with watch
DO NOT restrain
landmarks for assessing thyroid
hyoid
cricoid cartilage
isthmus of thyroid
an audible vascular sound associated with turbulent blood flow
bruit
area in anterior nasal cavity associated with epistaxis
Kiesselbach plexus
precancerous discoloration of mouth
leukoplakia
transillumination
shining light through sinuses
turbinates
carries saliva from sublingual & submandibular glands
wharton ducts
carries saliva from parotid
stensen ducts
dry mouth
xerostomia
geographic tongue
taste buds
papillae
CNI
function
how to assess
olfactory
smell
smell test
CNV
function
how to assess
trigeminal
facial sensation & mastication
sensation test & palpate TMJ
CNVII
function
how to assess
facial
sensation anterior ⅔ of tongue - facial movement
facial expressions
CNIX
function
how to assess
glossopharyngeal
sensation posterior ⅓ of tongue - motor of pharynx
gag reflex - swallow
CNX
function
how to assess
vagus
sensation of pharynx - motor of soft palate
gag reflex - uvula moving with phonation
CNXII
function
how to assess
hypoglossal
tongue movement
stick out tongue - strength of tongue on cheek
risks factors for oropharyngeal cancer (9)
smoking/tobacco
betel nuts
heavy alcohol
HPV
UV light
male
fair skin
poor oral hygiene
weak immune system
more difficult nosebleeds to treat
posterior in the nasal cavity
tonsils grading system
1-4
1 = visible
2 = midway between pillars & uvula
3 = touching uvula
4 = touching one another
cheilosis
canker sore
b12 deficiency
genu varum
genu valgum
temporal mandibular joint
Crackling or grating sound caused by bones rubbing against each other, also called creaky joints
crepitus
partial dislocation
subluxation
total lack of tone
atony
decrease in size of a body part, cell, organ, or other tissue
atrophy
low muscle tone
hypotonicity
brief, spontaneous contraction affecting a small number of muscle fibers, often causing a flicker of movement under the skin
fasciculation
anatomical snuff box
muscular bulge on the radial side of the palm
thenar eminence
golfer’s elbow, baseball elbow, suitcase elbow, or forehand tennis elbow
epicondylitis
used to measure degree of a joint
goniometer
morse scale purpose
fall risk
muscle grading scale
0 = no contraction
1 = flickering
2 = full ROM with gravity
3 = full ROM against gravity
4 = full ROM against gravity w/ minimal resistance
5 = full ROM against gravity w/ maximal resistance (normal)
how to assess for carpal tunnel
Phalen test - put backs of hands together - pain is positive
Tinel test - direct percussion on median nerve - pain is positive
Flick test - pt flicks hands
Thumb test
tests for fluid in the knee
bulge - press on knee, look for bulging on other side (small amts edema)
ballotment - push fluid down onto patella - look for rebound (large amts edema)
test for meniscus tears
McMurray’s
leg should extend from knee w/o pain
mcmurray test
MSK order of exam
inspection
palpation
ROM
muscle testing