Chapter 7—Nutrition Flashcards
carbs should be ___% calories
45-65
__ amino acids total
22
how many nonessential amino acids?
14
how many essential amino acids?
8
fats and oils
triglycerides
solid at room temp - animal products - raise LDL
saturated fats
liquid at room temp - fish and plant products - reduce LDL & triglycerides
unsaturated fats
turns a good fat into a bad fat
hydrogenation
what is cholesterol essential to?
cellular maintenance and repair
_DL is good, _DL is bad
HDL good
LDL bad
function of phospholipids
emulsifiers
promote nerve conduction
plasma membrane
ex of a phospholipid
lecithin
how many mins daily of sunlight required for vitamin D?
10-20 mins
fat & water soluble vitamins
fat - ADEK
water - BC
essential to metabolism & cell synthesis
essential to prevent spina bifida
folate
“wasting” - loss of body fat and muscle
cachexia
4 food safety rules
- Clean - wash hands, surfaces often
- Separate - raw meats from other foods
- Cook - to right temp
- Chill - refrigerate food promptly
hepatitis a transmission
fecal-oral
sources of listeria
improperly processed deli meat & unpasteurized milk
source of e coli
improperly cooked meat
crops contaminated with feces
sources of salmonella
raw poultry
eggs
Warfarin + vit K
K ↓ warfarin’s effects
Insulin/diabetic meds + alcohol
alcohol ↑ effects
hypoglycemia
Digoxin + fiber, herbs
fiber ↓ absorption of digoxin
ginseng ↑ levels
St John’s Wort ↓ levels
grapefruit ↑ levels of which 3 drugs?
statins
ca channel blockers
erectile dysfunction drugs
Antibiotics + dairy
dairy delays/prevents absorption
MAOIs + tyramine
hypertension
Thyroid drugs + calcium foods
↓ effect of thyroid hormones
CBC labs can exclude…
anemias from iron, folate, B12
why are serum albumin labs less useful?
inflammation makes it unreliable in most hospitalized pts
use of prealbumin labs
acute changes in pt’s nutritional status
renal dysfunction causes ↑ levels
high transferrin indicates…
iron deficiency
transferrin altered by…
renal dysfunction
contraceptives
nutritional info gained from creatinine & BUN labs
negative nitrogen balance indicates more loss than intake
types of nutritional screening tools
- 24-hour recall
- 3-day food diary
- Food frequency questionnaires
- Direct observation (I&O)
deficiency causing alopecia
protein deficiency
deficiency causing hair brittleness
biotin
deficiency causing hair color change
zinc
deficiency causing hair dryness
vit A & E
deficiency causing acneform lesions, follicular keratosis, xerosis, ecchymosis, intradermal petechiae, erythema, scrotal dermatitis, angular palpebritis
(skin things)
vit A
deficiency causing Biot spots, conjunctival xerosis
vit A
deficiency causing Angular stomatitis
B12
deficiency causing atrophic papillae
niacin
deficiency causing bleeding gums
vit C
deficiency causing cheilosis (swelling/fissuring of lips)
B12
deficiency causing glossitis (3)
niacin, folate, B12
deficiency causing magenta tongue
B2
deficiency causing genu valum
vit D
deficiency causing loss of DTR
B2
healthy BMI
18.5-24.9
how to do MAMC
measure in between acromion & olecranon
