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Bio 131 > Exam 4: Week 7 Class 2 (excluding Experiments) > Flashcards

Exam 4: Week 7 Class 2 (excluding Experiments) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the levels of DNA structure?

A

Nucleotides –> Strand –> Double helix –> Chromosomes –> Genome

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2
Q

What are the pyrimidines?

A

CUT

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3
Q

What are the purines?

A

AG

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4
Q

What is the structure of a nucleic acid?

A

Phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, Nitrogenous base

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5
Q

What carbon is the nitrogenous base bonded to?

A

1st carbon

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6
Q

What carbon is the phosphate group bonded to?

A

5th carbon

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7
Q

What bond makes up the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA?

A

Phosphodiester bonds

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8
Q

What is the direction of a nucleic acid?

A

5’ to 3’

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9
Q

What are Chargaff’s 3 Rules?

A
  1. [Thymine] = [Adenine]
  2. [Cytosine] = [Guanine]
  3. [T] + [C] = [A] + [G]
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10
Q

Are the two strands of DNA parallel or anti-parallel?

A

Anti-parallel

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11
Q

What are the three general steps of DNA replication?

A
  1. strand separation
  2. base pairing with template
  3. polymerization
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12
Q

What is step 1 of DNA replication?

A

Heating or enzyme-catalyzed reactions that cause the double helix to separate

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13
Q

What are the two parts of step 2 of DNA replication?

A
  1. Free deoxyribonucleotides form hydrogen bonds with complementary bases on the original strand of DNA
  2. Sugar-phosphate groups form phosphodiester linkages to create a new strand
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14
Q

What is the name for the new strand?

A

Complementary strand

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15
Q

What are the two names for the original strand of DNA that is used as a basis for replication?

A

Parental strand and template strand

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16
Q

What is the result of step 3 of DNA replication?

A

two identical daughter molecules

17
Q

What are the three hypotheses for how the old and new DNA strand interact during replication?

A
  1. Semiconservative
  2. Conservative
  3. Dispersive
18
Q

Which enzyme catalyzes DNA synthesis?

A

DNA polymerase

19
Q

What is the role of the origin of replication?

A

It provides an opening called a replication bubble that forms two replication forks

20
Q

Bacteria have ___ origin of replication

21
Q

Eukaryotes have ___ origin of replication

22
Q

DNA replication proceeds ____ from forks

23
Q

DNA polymerases add deoxyribonucleotides to what end of the growing DNA chain?

24
Q

What direction does DNA synthesis proceed in?

A

5’ to 3’

25
Q

Is DNA polymerization exergonic or endergonic?

Bio 131 (25 decks)

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