Exam 4: Cell Division Flashcards
3 Roles of Cell Division
- Reproduction
- Growth/development
- Tissue renewal/regeneration
What does a chromosome contain?
A single double helix of deoxyribonucleic acid wrapped around proteins
Where are chromatids joined at?
The centromere
What are sister chromatids?
Chromatids from the same chromosome
Is interphase dividing or non-dividing?
Non-dividing
Is M phase dividing or non-dividing?
Dividing
What does M phase stand for?
Mitotic phase
What are the two gap phases?
G1 and G2
What are the four phases of the cell cycle?
M phase, interphase (which consists of G1, S, and G2)
What are the three purposes of the gap phases?
- Cell grows enough
- Synthesize enough organelles
- Ensure the cell has normal size and function
What happens in G1 phase?
There are 4 unreplicated chromosomes
What happens in S phase?
Duplicated DNA is rearranged through cohesion to form sister chromatids
What attaches the sister chromatids in S phase?
Cohesins
What happens in G2 phase?
There are four replicated chromosomes
How many sister chromatids are there in G2 phase?
2 per replicated chromosome, so 8 total
What are the phases of mitosis in order?
PPMAT (prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What happens in prophase?
The chromosomes condense and the spindle apparatus begins to form
What happens in prometaphase?
The nuclear envelope breaks down, microtubules contact kinetochores
What happens in metaphase?
The chromosomes complete migration to the middle of the cell
What happens in anaphase?
Sister chromatids are separated and pulled apart
What are the separated sister chromatids called after they are pulled apart in anaphase?
Daughter chromosomes
What happens in telophase?
The nuclear envelope re-forms, the chromosomes de-condense