Exam 2: Carbohydrates Flashcards
What elements make up carbohydrates?
C, H, O
What is the atom ratio in carbohydrates?
Cn(H2O)n
What are the monomers of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
What is the difference between glucose and fructose?
Same molecular formula, but glucose is a 6 member ring while fructose is 5 member
What are the names for monosaccharides with 3, 4, 5, and 6 carbons?
triose, tetrose, pentose, hexose
What structures do carbohydrate molecules take on and prefer?
They can exist as straight chains or rings, but ring structures are more common b/c they mare more stable as rings in water
What connects monosaccharides?
Glycosidic linkages
How do glycosidic linkages form?
Dehydration synthesis, between the OH groups
Starch
energy storage in plant cells
Glycogen
energy storage in animal cells
Cellulose
plant cell walls
Chitin
exoskeleton
Peptidoglycan
bacterial cell walls
3 functions of polysaccharides
- Energy storage
- Structure
- Cell identity
What are GAGs used for?
Mucus and external surface of cell membrane
What are proteoglycans?
GAGs attached to core proteins
What do proteoglycans do?
Provide gel-like squishiness and lubrication; critical components of extracellular matrix
What are glycoproteins?
Carbohydrates attached to polypeptides
Which function of carbohydrates are glycoproteins used in?
Cell identity, they display information on the outer surface of the cell
