EXAM 4- Skeletal muscle, bone, joint disorder Flashcards
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
an autoimmune disorder that causes inflammatory changes in the connective tissue.
Three classification drugs used to treat RA
- NSAIDS
- corticosteroids
- disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
DMARDs Action
Have properties that produce immunosuppression, which in turn decreases the body’s autoimmune response.
uses of DMARDs
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Crohn’s disease
- Fibromyalgia
ex of DMARD
- adalimumab (Humira)
- infliximab (Remicade)
- methotrexate (MTX)
- sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
- abatacept (Orencia)
adverse reactions of DMARD
- Nausea
- Stomatitis
- Alopecia (hair loss)
- GI upset
- Mild pancytopenia
- Injection site irritation
contraindications of DMARD
- Hypersensitivity
- Renal insufficiency
- Liver disease
- Alcohol abuse
- Pancytopenia
- Heart failure
Paget’s disease
bone growth weakening
osteoporosis
loss of bone mass
biphosphonates action
- inhibits all bone reabsorption (increases bone mineral density)
- ->This action REVERSES the progression of osteoporosis
uses of biphosphonates
- Osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men (caused by glucocorticoid use)
- Hypercalcemia related to malignant diseases and tumors
- Paget’s disease
adverse reactions of biphosphonates
- Nausea, diarrhea
- Increased or recurrent bone pain
- Headache
- Dyspepsia (GI discomfort), acid regurgitation, dysphagia
- Abdominal pain
contraindications of biphosphonate
- Hypocalcemia
- Delayed esophageal emptying
- Renal impairment
skeletal muscle relaxant actions
Do not directly relax skeletal muscles, but their ability to relieve acute painful musculoskeletal conditions may be due to the sedative action.
ex of skeletal muscle relaxants
- baclofen (Lioresal)
- carisoprodol (Soma)
- methocarbamol (Robaxin)
- tizanidine (Zanaflex)
uses of skeletal muscle relaxants
- Muscle sprains and strains
- Back pain
Musculoskeletal Muscle Relaxants Adverse Reactions
Most common: Drowsiness
a type of arthritis caused by an accumulation of uric acid in the blood that are deposited into the joints
gout
s&s gout
- pain, redness, swelling, joint deformity
ex of uric acid inhibitors
- allopurinol (Zyloprim)
- colchicine
- probenecid
- febuxostat (Uloric)
uric acid inhibitor action
Decreased the production of uric acid which in turn decreased the level of serum uric acid and the deposits of urate crystals in the joints.
uses of uric acid inhibitors
- Treat acute attacks of gout
- Prevent acute attacks of gout (prophylaxis)
uric acid inhibitor adverse reactions
-Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
-Abdominal pain
-Headache
-Urinary frequency
-Severe: > Stevens-Johnson syndrome
> Exfoliative dermatitis
