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pharmacology > adrenergic drugs > Flashcards

adrenergic drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs that mimic the activity of these sympathetic neurotransmitters are called

A

Adrenergic Drugs or

Sympathomimetic drugs

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2
Q

Adrenergic Blocking Drugs

A
  • Inhibit release of neurotransmitter

- Block stimulation of receptors

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3
Q 
\_\_\_ drugs mimic activity of parasympathetic nervous system
Also call \_\_\_\_\_\_ drugs
Two neurohormones:
Acetylcholine (Ach)
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
A

cholinergic; parasympathomimetic

  • Acetylcholine (Ach)
  • Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
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4
Q

secreted by adrenal medulla

A

epinephrine

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5
Q

nerve endings of sympathetic fibers

A

norepinephrine

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6
Q

neurohormones

A

Released at nerve endings that facilitate transmission of nerve impulses

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7
Q

After _____ is released, it crosses ____

Then binds with receptors in the __________.

A

neurotransmitter; synapse; cell membrane of the postsynaptic nerve.

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8
Q

Mimic activity of sympathetic nervous system

–The effects will be similar to the effects of stimulation of sympathetic nervous system

A

adrenergic drugs

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9
Q

CNS

A

wakefulness, quickened reflexes

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10
Q

PNS

A
  • Relaxation of smooth muscles of bronchi
  • Constriction of blood vessels, sphincter of stomach
  • Dilatation of coronary blood vessels
  • Decrease in gastric motility
  • Heart = increase in rate
  • Increase use of glucose
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11
Q

adrenergic nerve receptors

A

alpha or beta receptors

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12
Q

adrenergic receptors: A

A

vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels

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13
Q

adrenergic receptors: B1

A

increase heart rate and force of contraction

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14
Q

adrenergic receptors: B2

A

Bronchodilate, vasodilate (coronary arteries), decrease tone, motility and secretions of GI tract

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15
Q

uses of adrenergic drugs

A
  • Moderately severe to severe hypotension
  • Control superficial bleeding during surgical or dental procedures
  • Bronchial Asthma
  • Cardiac Arrest
  • Allergic Reactions
  • Prolong local anesthetics
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16
Q

Adrenergic drugs

A
  • dobutamine
  • dopamine
  • epinephrine (EpiPen)
  • isoproterenol (Isuprel)
  • phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
  • norepinephrine (Levophed)
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17
Q

adverse reactions of adrenergic drugs

A
  • -Tachycardia or bradycardia
  • Arrythmias
  • Headache, insomnia, nervousness
  • hypertension
18
Q

nursing process for adrenergic drugs

A
  • Assess Blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate and rhythm prior to medicating
  • Assess response to the medication
  • May need to assess for s/s of shock
  • Be aware of possible orthostatic hypotension
  • Some meds to treat hypotension (vasopressors) are very powerful and require infusion pumps and close monitoring of the patient
  • May need to monitor BP and pulse every 5 to 15 minutes
  • Dosage adjusted to patient’s response to the medication
  • Patient may be on monitor for cardiac monitoring.
  • Pt may experience anorexia and insomnia.
19
Q

pt teaching for nasal decongestants

A
  • Stick with dose prescribed

- Risk for rebound congestion

20
Q

pt teaching for bronchodilator

A
  • Do not add OTC drugs
  • Report adverse effects
  • Report if no relief from symptoms
21
Q
  • Block a-adrenergic receptors

- Effect on receptors that control vascular system

A

Alpha adrenergic blocking drugs

22
Q
  • Block B adrenergic receptors

- Primarily receptors of heart

A

Beta adrenergic blocking drugs

23
Q

stimulation of a-adrenergic fibers

A

-vasoconstriction

24
Q

if a-adrenergic fibers are blocked

A

-vasodilation

25
Q

B receptors found mainly:

A

in the heart

26
Q

stimulation of B receptors

A

increase in HR

27
Q

if B receptors are blocked

A

HR decreases

28
Q

examples of beta-adrenergic blocking drugs

A
  • metoprolol (Lopressor)

- atenolol (Tenormin)

29
Q

examples of alpha-adrenergic blocking drugs

A

phentolamine (Regitine)

30
Q

antiadrenergic drugs; PNS

A

-inhibits release of Norepinephrine from adrenergic nerve endings in the PNS
Example = Guanethedine

31
Q

antiadrenergic drugs; CNS

A

-act on CNS centers, decreasing activity of sympathetic nervous system
Example = Caterers

32
Q

For vasodilating effect on peripheral blood vessels = will lower blood pressure in conditions of hypertension due to pheochromocytoma (tumor of adrenal gland that will result in increase production of epinephrine which is vasoconstrictive in nature and thus contributes to hypertensive condition)

A

phentolamine (Regitine)

33
Q

B-adrenergic blocking drug uses:

A
  • HTN
  • ventricular cardiac arrhythmia’s
  • topically (Timoptic) to treat glaucoma to relieve pressure
34
Q

uses of antiadrenergic drugs

A
  • certain arrhythmias
  • HTN
  • benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
35
Q

Adverse reactions: A-Adrenergic Blockers

A
  • Cardiac arrythmias
  • Hypotension
  • Tachycardia
36
Q

Adverse reactions: B-Adrenergic Blockers

A
  • Bradycardia
  • Dizziness, vertigo,
  • Bronchospasm (with hx of Asthma)
  • Congestive Heart Failure (more serious)
37
Q

Adverse reactions: Antiadrenergic

A
  • Hypotension, lightheadedness, bradycardia

- Drowsiness, malaise, weakness, dry mouth

38
Q

Patients receiving adrenergic blocking drugs for cardiac arrhythmias require

A

special monitoring

  • IV meds
  • cardiac monitoring
  • BP and Pulse
39
Q

If a significant decrease in the blood pressure occurs after a dose of an adrenergic blocking drug,

A

the nurse should withhold the drug and notify the primary care provider immediately.

40
Q

To decrease risk of injury related to orthostatic hypotension

A
  • Patient should rise slowly from lying position
  • Sit at side of bed for one minute before standing
  • Ask for assistance to stand or ambulate
  • Avoid standing in one place for long periods (not problem in hospital)
  • Avoid hot showers (increases vasodilation)
41
Q

patient education

A
  • Do not stop taking the drug abruptly
  • Notify provider of adverse drug reactions
  • Caution when driving: drugs may cause dizziness, drowsiness
  • Report s/s of CHF: dyspnea, edema of extremities; weight gain
  • Keep appointments
  • Inform other Providers of Meds being taken

pharmacology (26 decks)

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