EXAM 4- Immunologic Agents

Question 1

The immune system has two ways of fighting invading organisms.

Answer 1

1. Cell-mediated defenses (Cellular immunity)

2. Antibody-mediated defenses (Humoral immunity)

Question 2

When you are exposed to an infectious microorganisms (antigens), the body begins to form antibodies to the microorganism.

Answer 2

active immunity

Question 3

occurs when the individual is exposed to and experiences a disease, and the body produces antibodies to provide future immunity

Answer 3

Naturally Acquired immunity (Active)

Question 4

occurs when an individual is given a killed or weakened antigen, which stimulates the formation of antibodies.

Answer 4

artificially acquired immunity (active)

Question 5

obtained from the administration of immune globulins or antivenins. Gives immunity provided by ready-made antibodies from another human or an animal.

Answer 5

passive immunity
(Provides immediate immunity to the invading antigen, but lasts for only a short time.)

Question 6

vaccines

Answer 6

Contain either an attenuated or killed antigen create immunity to certain diseases

• Polio
• Pneumococcal
• Typhoid
• Cholera

Question 7

Ready made antibodies

Answer 7

given for passive immunity

-Hepatitis B

Question 8

Proteins present in blood serum or plasma which contain antibodies

Answer 8

globulins

Question 9

Poisonous substance capable of stimulating body to produce antitoxins (act like antibodies)

Answer 9

toxins

Question 10

a toxin that can stimulate the formation of antitoxins

Answer 10

Toxoid.

• Diptheria
• Rabies
• Tetanus

Question 11

adverse reactions of vaccines and toxoids

Answer 11

usually have mild side effects.

-Chills, fever, muscular aches, pain, lethargy, and rash.

Question 12

adverse reactions of immune globulins and antivenins

Answer 12

usually only pain or tenderness at the injection site. Most common side effects:
-urticaria, angioedema, erythema, malaise, nausea, diarrhea, headache, chills, and fever.

Question 13

nursing process

Answer 13

• Patient should stay in area for 30 min for observation in case of reaction
• Minor aches, fevers may be expected
• Rx with rest, fluids, warm or cool compress
• Tylenol to decrease the anti-inflammatory and pain response
• If traveling to foreign countries need to contact the health department to gather information about immunizations needed. Has to be done well in advance because it takes several weeks to produce adequate immunity before travel.