EXAM 4- Immunostimulant drugs

Question 1

Infection is likely to occur when a patient is -

Answer 1

neutropenic

Question 2

action of colony stimulating factor (CSF)

Answer 2

act on the hematopoietic cells to stimulate proliferation, differentiation and maturation of WBC’s

Question 3

uses of Colony Stimulating Factor

Answer 3

• to treat or prevent infection (minimizing neutropenia) associated with:
  - Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia during solid tumor cancer treatment
  - During bone marrow transplant (BMT)
  - Production of stem cells for harvest before bone marrow transplant
  - Neutropenia in those susceptible to symptomatic chronic infection

Question 4

example of Colony Stimulating Factor

Answer 4

filgrastim- used before stem cell donation to increase stem cell production

Question 5

adverse reactions of Colony Stimulating Factor

Answer 5

• Bone pain
• Hypertension
• Nausea/vomiting
• Alopecia
• Hypersensitivity

Question 6

the process of making platelets

Answer 6

thrombopoiesis

Question 7

drug used to stimulate thrombopoiesis

Answer 7

Oprelvekin

Question 8

use of Oprelvekin

Answer 8

to treat or prevent thrombocytopenia with chemotherapy

Question 9

adverse reactions of Oprelvekin

Answer 9

• dyspnea due to fluid retention
• syncope (fainting)
• tachycardia, palpitations or atrial fibrillation
• stroke

Question 10

causes of anemia

Answer 10

decrease in the number of RBC’s
decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the RBC’s
Both

Question 11

characterized by an inadequate amount of iron in the body to produce hemoglobin

Answer 11

Iron deficiency

Question 12

resulting from lack of secretion by the gastric mucosa of the intrinsic factor essential to the formation of RBC’s and the absorption of vitamin B12

Answer 12

Pernicious anemia

Question 13

actions of Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA)

Answer 13

stimulate erythropoiesis (making RBC’s)

Question 14

examples of Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA)

Answer 14

• epoetin alfa (Epogen)

- darbepoetin alfa (Aranesp)

Question 15

uses of Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA)

Answer 15

• chronic renal failure
• chemotherapy
• AZT therapy for HIV infection
• postsurgical blood replacement in place of allogeneic transfusions
• Increase or maintain RBC levels and decrease need for blood transfusion

Question 16

adverse reactions of Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA)

Answer 16

hypertension
     headache
     fatigue
     nausea/vomiting/diarrhea
     rash/skin reaction at injection site
     arthralgia (joint pain)

Question 17

_____ is a component of hemoglobin

Answer 17

iron.

picks up O2 from the lungs and carries the oxygenated blood to the body tissues

Question 18

iron supplements _______________, which replenishes hemoglobin and depleted iron stores.

Answer 18

increase serum iron concentrations

Question 19

iron is best absorbed __________.

Answer 19

on an empty stomach

Question 20

adverse reactions of iron deficiency anemia

Answer 20

GI irritation
      Nausea/vomiting
      Constipation, diarrhea
     *Dark (black) stools 
      Headache
      Backache
      Allergic reaction

Question 21

required for manufacturing RBC’s in bone marrow.

Answer 21

folic acid (folate)

Question 22

foods high in folate

Answer 22

green leafy vegetables, fish, meat, poultry, whole grains

Question 23

B12 is important in ________________ and _____________. The intrinsic factor (produced by stomach cells) is necessary for the absorption of B12 in the intestines.

Answer 23

mylin formation (mylin surrounds some nerve fibers), 
blood cell manufacture

Question 24

cyanocobalamin (Vit. B 12) used for:

Answer 24

Strict vegetarian (vegan) lifestyle
         Total or subtotal gastrectomy
         Celiac sprue (causes malabsorption of nutrients) in the intestines
         Ulcerative colitis
         Gastric cancer

Question 25

s&s pernicious anemia

Answer 25

• Extreme weakness/fatigue
• Numbness/tingling of extremities (paresthesia)
• Fever/pallor
• Anorexia/weight loss