EXAM 4- Sedative and hypnotic drugs

Question 1

sedatives and hypnotics

Answer 1

are primarily used to treat insomnia

Question 2

Sedative produces a —–

Answer 2

relaxing or calming effect, usually given during daytime. May cause drowsiness but not sleep.

Question 3

Hypnotics induces ——-

Answer 3

drowsiness or sleep, so it allows the patient to go to sleep and stay asleep.

Question 4

2 classes of sedatives/hypnotics

Answer 4

barbiturates, benzodiazepines

Question 5

ex of barbiturates

Answer 5

pentobarbital (Nembutal)

secobarbital (Seconal)

Question 6

ex of benzodiazepines

Answer 6

emazepam (Restoril)

triazolam (Halcion)

Question 7

ex of nonbenzodiazepines

Answer 7

eszopiclone (Lunesta)

zolpidem (Ambian)

Question 8

barbiturates are ____ forming, and have a low ______.

Answer 8

habit, therapeutic index. (only a narrow safety dosing range)

Question 9

Barbiturates act primarily on the brainstem in an area called the

Answer 9

reticular formation.

Question 10

barbiturates actions:

Answer 10

1. They are CNS depressants
2. Can raise the seizure threshold, good drug of choice to treat seizure/convulsion disorders.
3. In low doses, works as a sedative
4. They have no analgesic properties only sedating properties

Question 11

benzodiazepines action

Answer 11

1. produces a relaxing or calming effect
2. Basically the same action with less effect on the respiratory rate.
3. In large doses, promotes sleep and relaxation
4. Can be given in small doses during daytime hours to relieve anxiety symptoms
5. Given in larger doses during nighttime hours to induce sleep

Question 12

adverse reactions

Answer 12

1. Main effects are on the CNS-dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy and headache
2. Barbiturates deprive people of REM sleep which can lead to agitation and an inability to deal with normal stress
3. They can also cause nausea