EXAM 3 Anesthetic Drug Flashcards

1
Q

Anesthesia

A

Loss of feeling/sensation

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2
Q

two main types of anesthesia

A
  1. local anesthesia

2. general anesthesia

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3
Q

pain free state in a SPECIFIC area or region

A

local anesthesia.

  • patient is awake
  • controls own airway
  • may require sedation for patient
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4
Q

pain free state for ENTIRE BODY

A

general anesthesia.

  • loss of consciousness
  • loss of reflexes (gag, swallowing)
  • needs to have airway controlled and assistance w/ breathing
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5
Q

application of anesthetic to surface of skin or mucous membrane

A

topical (creams, gels, solutions, ointments)

-usually applied by nurse

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6
Q

injection of an anesthetic into tissues

A

local infiltration.

  • used for dental procedure
  • suturing of small wounds
  • making incision into small area (biopsy)
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7
Q

injection of anesthetic into area around selected nerves

A

regional.

nerves cannot send msg of pain to brain

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8
Q

spinal anesthesia

A

into subarachnoid area of spinal cor

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9
Q

conduction blocks

A

arm or leg, or epidural for obstetrics

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10
Q

prepare pt to be anesthetized

A
  • clean area with antiseptic
  • pt may need to be NPO
  • give sedative if indicated
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11
Q

the local anesthetic may be administered with ____ to cause local _______.

A

epinephrine, vasoconstriction.

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12
Q

anesthetic drug stays in the tissue longer when ____ is used.

A

epinephrine

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13
Q

local anesthetics

A
  1. Marcaine
  2. Xylocaine, Lidocaine
  3. Carbocaine
  4. Novocaine
    5, Tetracaine
    (all have caine in name)
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14
Q

preanesthetic drugs

A

Before administration of anesthesia to help prepare the patient

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15
Q

preanesthetic drugs may be one or a combination of drugs

A
  1. narcotic or anti-anxiety drugs
  2. cholinergic blocking drug
  3. Antiemetic drug
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16
Q

to decrease anxiety and apprehension before surgery

A

preanesthetic: narcotic or anti-anxiety drug

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17
Q

a calm patient _______.

A

anesthetizes quicker.

smaller dose of anesthesia needed, smoother recovery

18
Q

to decrease secretions of respiratory tract

A

preanesthetic: cholinergic blocking drug

19
Q

some anesthesia gases irritate lining of respiratory tract=

A

increase secretions

20
Q

secretions can pool and cause _____ & _______ .

A

atelectasis and pneumonia.

21
Q

cholinergic blocking drugs ___ secretions.

A

dry up

22
Q

decrease incidence of nausea and vomiting in the immediate post-op period

A

preanesthetic: antiemetic

23
Q

preanesthetics: narcotics

A
  1. Meperidine (Demerol)
  2. Morphine
  3. Fentanyl
24
Q

preanesthetic barbiturate (sedatives)

A
  1. Pentobarbital (Nembutol)

2. Secobarbital (Seconal)

25
Q

preanesthetic: cholinergic blocking drugs

A
  1. Atropine
  2. Glycopyrrolate (Robinul)
  3. Scopolamine
26
Q

preanesthetic: antianxiety

A
  1. Diazepam (Valium)
  2. Midazolam (Versed)
  3. Alprazolam (Xanax)
  4. Lorazepam (Ativan)
  5. Hydroxyzine (Vistaril)
27
Q

nursing care for pt with pre-op medication

A
  1. Consent form signed before pre-op meds
  2. Explains procedure
  3. NPO after midnight for most procedures
  4. Inform patient of post op care routine:
    >Recovery room
    >Turn, Cough, Deep Breathing
    >Pain med available, notify nurse
  5. Have patient void if possible before giving pre-op med
  6. Many pre-ops given “on-call”
  7. Side rails up after admin of medication
  8. On going = make sure chart is ready
    >Labs, vital signs, consent form, valuables secured
28
Q

Drugs Used During General Anesthesia: Short Acting Barbiturates

A

for induction of anesthesia (putting patient to sleep)

29
Q

Drugs Used During General Anesthesia: General Anesthetics

A

for maintenance of anesthesia (the gases) (some have analgesic properties also

30
Q

Drugs Used During General Anesthesia: Muscle Relaxants (NMBA)

A

for relaxation of skeletal muscle and paralysis respiratory muscles-need mechanical ventilation

31
Q

muscle relaxant

A
  • Paralysis of muscles
  • Pt cannot breath for themself
  • Pt needs to be on ventilator
  • airway/breathing controled
32
Q

muscle relaxant: these meds are _____ at end of surgery so pt can __________ post op.

A

reversed, breathe on own.

33
Q

anesthesia gas

A
  1. Halothane
  2. Ethrane
  3. Forane
34
Q

anesthesia gasses mixed with oxygen-

A

deepen sleep and provide anesthesia

35
Q

some anesthesia gasses have-

A

analgesia properties

36
Q

stages of general anesthesia

A
  1. Stage of analgesia (induction)
  2. Stage of delirium
  3. Surgical analgesia
  4. respiratory paralysia
37
Q
  1. stage of analgesia
A
  • until loss of consciousness

- short stage

38
Q
  1. stage of delirium
A

-muscles rigid, may be felt but not remembered

39
Q
  1. surgical analgesia
A

divided into 4 planes, (1-4=light to deep), pt is usually ready for procedure at planes 2 or 3.

40
Q
  1. respiratory paralysis
A

rare and dangerous stage of anesthesia.

-resp. arrest & cessation of VS may occur

41
Q

post anesthesia

A
  1. Patency of airway – (need for oxygen, suctioning)
  2. Vital Signs q 5-15 min
  3. Position so patient does not aspirate
  4. Check dressing, IV lines, tubes, etc
  5. Care with pain med after anesthesia has wore off and is deemed safe to medicate patient