EXAM 3 Anesthetic Drug Flashcards
Anesthesia
Loss of feeling/sensation
two main types of anesthesia
- local anesthesia
2. general anesthesia
pain free state in a SPECIFIC area or region
local anesthesia.
- patient is awake
- controls own airway
- may require sedation for patient
pain free state for ENTIRE BODY
general anesthesia.
- loss of consciousness
- loss of reflexes (gag, swallowing)
- needs to have airway controlled and assistance w/ breathing
application of anesthetic to surface of skin or mucous membrane
topical (creams, gels, solutions, ointments)
-usually applied by nurse
injection of an anesthetic into tissues
local infiltration.
- used for dental procedure
- suturing of small wounds
- making incision into small area (biopsy)
injection of anesthetic into area around selected nerves
regional.
nerves cannot send msg of pain to brain
spinal anesthesia
into subarachnoid area of spinal cor
conduction blocks
arm or leg, or epidural for obstetrics
prepare pt to be anesthetized
- clean area with antiseptic
- pt may need to be NPO
- give sedative if indicated
the local anesthetic may be administered with ____ to cause local _______.
epinephrine, vasoconstriction.
anesthetic drug stays in the tissue longer when ____ is used.
epinephrine
local anesthetics
- Marcaine
- Xylocaine, Lidocaine
- Carbocaine
- Novocaine
5, Tetracaine
(all have caine in name)
preanesthetic drugs
Before administration of anesthesia to help prepare the patient
preanesthetic drugs may be one or a combination of drugs
- narcotic or anti-anxiety drugs
- cholinergic blocking drug
- Antiemetic drug
to decrease anxiety and apprehension before surgery
preanesthetic: narcotic or anti-anxiety drug
a calm patient _______.
anesthetizes quicker.
smaller dose of anesthesia needed, smoother recovery
to decrease secretions of respiratory tract
preanesthetic: cholinergic blocking drug
some anesthesia gases irritate lining of respiratory tract=
increase secretions
secretions can pool and cause _____ & _______ .
atelectasis and pneumonia.
cholinergic blocking drugs ___ secretions.
dry up
decrease incidence of nausea and vomiting in the immediate post-op period
preanesthetic: antiemetic
preanesthetics: narcotics
- Meperidine (Demerol)
- Morphine
- Fentanyl
preanesthetic barbiturate (sedatives)
- Pentobarbital (Nembutol)
2. Secobarbital (Seconal)
preanesthetic: cholinergic blocking drugs
- Atropine
- Glycopyrrolate (Robinul)
- Scopolamine
preanesthetic: antianxiety
- Diazepam (Valium)
- Midazolam (Versed)
- Alprazolam (Xanax)
- Lorazepam (Ativan)
- Hydroxyzine (Vistaril)
nursing care for pt with pre-op medication
- Consent form signed before pre-op meds
- Explains procedure
- NPO after midnight for most procedures
- Inform patient of post op care routine:
>Recovery room
>Turn, Cough, Deep Breathing
>Pain med available, notify nurse - Have patient void if possible before giving pre-op med
- Many pre-ops given “on-call”
- Side rails up after admin of medication
- On going = make sure chart is ready
>Labs, vital signs, consent form, valuables secured
Drugs Used During General Anesthesia: Short Acting Barbiturates
for induction of anesthesia (putting patient to sleep)
Drugs Used During General Anesthesia: General Anesthetics
for maintenance of anesthesia (the gases) (some have analgesic properties also
Drugs Used During General Anesthesia: Muscle Relaxants (NMBA)
for relaxation of skeletal muscle and paralysis respiratory muscles-need mechanical ventilation
muscle relaxant
- Paralysis of muscles
- Pt cannot breath for themself
- Pt needs to be on ventilator
- airway/breathing controled
muscle relaxant: these meds are _____ at end of surgery so pt can __________ post op.
reversed, breathe on own.
anesthesia gas
- Halothane
- Ethrane
- Forane
anesthesia gasses mixed with oxygen-
deepen sleep and provide anesthesia
some anesthesia gasses have-
analgesia properties
stages of general anesthesia
- Stage of analgesia (induction)
- Stage of delirium
- Surgical analgesia
- respiratory paralysia
- stage of analgesia
- until loss of consciousness
- short stage
- stage of delirium
-muscles rigid, may be felt but not remembered
- surgical analgesia
divided into 4 planes, (1-4=light to deep), pt is usually ready for procedure at planes 2 or 3.
- respiratory paralysis
rare and dangerous stage of anesthesia.
-resp. arrest & cessation of VS may occur
post anesthesia
- Patency of airway – (need for oxygen, suctioning)
- Vital Signs q 5-15 min
- Position so patient does not aspirate
- Check dressing, IV lines, tubes, etc
- Care with pain med after anesthesia has wore off and is deemed safe to medicate patient
