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pharmacology > EXAM 3 pain management nonopiod > Flashcards

EXAM 3 pain management nonopiod Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs used to relieve pain without possibility of causing physical dependency

A

Nonopiod Analgesics

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2
Q

analgesic

A

pain relieving

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3
Q

antipyretic

A

decrease body temperature

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4
Q

anti-inflammatory

A

decrease inflammation

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5
Q

nonopiod analgesics:

A
  • salicylates
  • non salicylate
  • non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)
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6
Q

examples of salicylates

A
  • aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid or ASA)

- Bayer, Ecotrin, Anacin

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7
Q

aspirin woman became the new anti-power:

A
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Anti-pain
  • Anti-pyretic
  • Anti-platelet aggregation
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8
Q

when taking aspirin, watch for

A
  • bleeding tendencies
  • tinnitus
  • stomach pain
  • thrombocytopenia
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9
Q

salicylates action

A

-Analgesic and anti-inflammatory action due to inhibition of prostaglandins
(Lower Temp by dilating peripheral blood vessels = cools body)

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10
Q

ASA as anticoagulant

A

–Inhibits aggregation of platelets
(Important for MI and stroke patients)
–Prolong bleeding time =risk for bleeding

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11
Q

Salicylates allergic reactions

A

hives, bronchospasm and anaphylaxis

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12
Q

Salicylism

A

toxicity from repeated admin of large doses (reversible with dose reduction)

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13
Q

S&S of salicylism:

A
  • Tinnitus, Impaired Hearing
  • Mental confusion, lassitude
  • Sweating, tachycardia
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14
Q

salicylates contraindications:

A
  • known hypersensitivity to Salicylates or NSAIDS

- bleeding disorders or tendencies

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15
Q

Children and Teens with flu or chickenpox should not salicylate take due to association with -

A 
Reyes Syndrome (life threatening)
-> Vomiting, lethargy, progressing to coma
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16
Q

antacids may ___ the effect of Salicylates

A

decrease

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17
Q

Aspirin may ____ risk of bleeding during _____ administration

A

increase; heparin

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18
Q

Admin with NSAIDS may ____ NSAID blood levels

A

increase

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19
Q

NonSalicylates

A

-Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

choice for treating children w fever/flulike symptoms

20
Q

Actions of NonSalicylates

A
  • Analgesic
  • Antipyretic
  • No Anti-Inflammatory actions
21
Q

Adverse reactions of NonSalicylates

A
  • few when taken as directed
  • urticaria
  • pancytopenia
  • JAUNDICE, hepatotoxicity, hepatic failure
22
Q

Tylenol overdose:

acute

23
Q

Tylenol overdose: fatal

24
Q

increase risk of tylenol overdose with-

A

chronic alcoholics

25
Q

tylenol overdose

A

liver cells die, cannot detoxify drug

26
Q

s&s of tylenol toxicity

A
  • N/V
  • Jaundice, Liver tenderness
  • Hypotension
  • Confusion
  • Acute Hepatic and Renal Failure
27
Q

Caution w tylenol

A
  • Chronic Alcoholics
  • Avoid concurrent use with Salicylates or NSAIDS
  • Cautious use in pregnancy
  • Cautious use in older adults
28
Q

NSAIDS

A

Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting an enzyme that triggers pain and inflammation.

29
Q

NSAIDS does not belong to

A

steroid group of drugs

30
Q

actions of NSAIDS

A
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Antipyretic
  • Analgesic
31
Q

EXAMPLES OF NSAIDS:

A
  • Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)
  • Indocin
  • Toradol
  • Naproxen (Naprosyn)
  • Feldene
  • Celebrex, Vioxx
32
Q

USES of NSAIDS

A
  • mild-mod pain
  • RA
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Dysmenorrhea (painful periods)
33
Q

NSAID adverse reactions GI tract

A
  • A/N/V/D/C
  • Epigastric pain, indigestion
  • Abdominal distress, bloating
  • Intestinal ulceration
  • jaundice
34
Q

NSAID adverse reactions CNS

A
  • Dizziness, vertigo, lightheadedness
  • Headache, anxiety
  • Insomnia, depression, confusion
  • Psychic disturbances
35
Q

NSAID adverse reactions cardiovascular

A
  • CHF
  • Decrease or in crease in BP
  • Arrhythmias
36
Q

NSAID adverse reactions renal

A
  • Hematuria, polyuria, dysuria, oliguria
  • Cystitis
  • Elevated BUN
  • Acute renal failure
37
Q

NSAID adverse reactions special senses

A
  • Visual disturbances
  • Blurred vision, diplopia, photophobia
  • Tinnitus, taste changes,
38
Q

NSAID adverse reactions hematologic

A
  • Luekopenia
  • Pancytopenia
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Neutropenia
39
Q

NSAID adverse reactions skin

A
  • Rash, irritation
  • Erythema
  • Exfoliative dermatitis
  • Ecchymosis
40
Q

NSAID adverse reactions metabolic/endocrine

A
  • Weight increase or decrease
  • Hyper/hypoglycemia
  • Flushing, sweating
  • Menstrual disorders, vag bleeding
41
Q

Contraindication to NSAIDS

A
  • known hypersensitivity
  • allergies to ASA
  • 3RD trimester of pregnancy and lactation
42
Q

precautions of NSAIDS

A
  • Bleeding disorders
  • Renal disease
  • CV disease
  • Hepatic disease
  • Elderly (increased risk of ulcer formation in patients over 65)
43
Q

-Give with food, milk or full glass of water
To prevent gastric upset

-Avoid salicylates 1 week before major or minor surgery
(To prevent post-op bleeding)

-Avoid salicylates after surgery (use Tylenol or NSAID) until healing complete

A

salicylates

44
Q
  • With full glass of water
  • With meals or empty stomach
  • Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) is an antidote for acetaminophen (Tylenol) overdose
A

NonSalicylates

45
Q
  • With food, milk or antacids

- Several weeks may be necessary on drug to receive full therapeutic response

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