Exam 4 - GI Flashcards
inflammation of the mouth
stomatitis
cause of stomatitis
gingivitis oral thrush herpes simplex aphthous stomatitis (canker sore) parotitis
gingivitis prevention
oral care
-brushing, flossing, dental checkup
fibrous foods
s/sx of oral candidiasis
white patches
sore mouth/throat
yeasty breath
treatment of thrush
antifungal meds
-nystatin
-miconazole
amphortericin B (lots of side effects)
at least 1 dose of IV diflucan
predisposing factors for herpes simplex
URI
sunlight
stress
herpes simplex treatment
camphor, corticosteroids
avoid predisposing factors
antivirals
*take when begins to sting
treatment of aphthour stomatitis (canker sore)
corticosteroids
tetracycline
inflammation of the parotid gland
parotitis
painful; can have exudate
parotitis occurs with the ___
mumps
parotitis treatment
abx pain meds mouth washes warm compress fluid intake chewing gum
inflammation of the gastric lining of stomach
breakdown of the gastric mucosal barrier
gastritis
acute, chronic
gastritis risk factors
meds (NSAIDS, ASA, corticosteroids)
diet (alcohol, spicy foods, caffeine)
H. Pylori
female, > 60 y/o, hx of ulcers, taking multiple drugs that harm the stomach
acute gastritis s/sx
anorexia N/V epigastric tenderness feeling of fullness hemorrhage (alcohol abuse) self-limiting
lasts a few hours to days
chronic gastritis s/sx
similar to acute
some are asymptomatic
pernicious anemia
*missing intrinsic factor for vitamin b12 absorption
Dx gastritis
hx, symptoms of lifestyle H. Pylori labs stool for occult blood EGD with bx *definitive dx
acute gastritis treatment
preventative
pain, N/V control
IVF
NGT
PPI, H2 receptor blockers
chronic gastritis treatment
find, eliminate causes
alcohol
H. Pylori
smoking
stress reduction
when does alcohol detox begin
day 3
2 common GI conditions
GERD
hiatal hernia
chronic symptom of mucosal damage caused by reflux of stomach acid in the lower esophagus
not a disease but a syndrome
GERD
stomach of the stomach pushes itself into the esophageal opening
hiatal hernia
hiatal hernia is common in
older adults
chronic alcoholism
hiatal hernia care is similar to
GERD
cause of GERD
no single cause
excess stomach acid
foods
sphincter not as tight as it should be
GERD causes
low acid gas parasites hiatal hernia pregnancy obesity tight fitting clothes wrong posture large meals smoking medications H. Pylori excess exercise magnesium deficiency salt overuse
GERD s/sx
regurgitation belching heartburn bitter taste gum problems hoarseness chest tightness sore throat asthma symptoms throat lump difficulty swallowing
GERD complications
esophagitis
chronic inflammation
respiratory issues
GERD dx is based on
symptoms
when is additional testing for GERD done
pt does not respond to conventional therapy
GERD lifestyle modifications
stop smoking decrease alcohol lose weight avoid triggers stress management avoid aggravating foods elevate HOB when sleeping **avoid sleeping in recliner
GERD food triggers
alcohol chocolate caffeine fatty foods peppermint spearmint coffee acid gas producers
PPI end in
-prazole
PPI action
decrease acid
PPI side effects
HA abdominal pain N/V diarrhea flatulence
H2 receptor blockers end in
-tidine
H2 receptor blockers action
decrease acid and pepsin
H2 receptor blocker side effects
HA
abdominal pain
constipation
diarrhea
examples of antacids and acid neutralizers
Al hydroxide Ca carbonate (Tums) MagOx Sodium Bicarb (Alka-Seltzer) Al, Mg products
antacid and acid neutralizer action
reduce acid
side effects of antacid and acid neutralizers
various GI and electrolyte problems
which patients should not be given magnesium
dialysis
example of prokinetic agent
metoclopramide (reglan)
action of prokinetic agents
increase GI motility
withs with neuromuscular system to increase peristalsis
side effects of prokinetic agents
CNS (anxiety, hallucinations)
tremors, dyskinesias
action of Sucralfate (carafate)
coats mucosa
forms a barrier to protect the esophagus
action of bethanechol (urecholine)
improves competency of LES
improves gastric emptying
action of misoprostol (cytotec)
prostaglandin that protects lining of the stomach by increase mucous production
GERD education
risk factor reduction low fat diet small, frequent meals do not be supine 2-3 hours after meals elevate HOB med teaching PPI before breakfast H. Pylori meds at Rx avoid triggers, irritants weight reduction psychosocial
