Exam 2 - Acid Base Balance Flashcards
acidemia
arterial blood pH < 7.35
acidosis
process that adds acid or eliminates base from body
alkalemia
arterial blood pH > 7.45
normal ratio of base to acid
20:1
acid-base regulatory mechanisms
buffer system
respiratory system
renal system
how soon does the buffer system work?
on the scene in seconds
how soon does the respiratory system work?
within minutes to retain or eliminate CO2
how soon does the renal system work?
starts in hours, more permanent
takes up to 5 days to complete
when you become acidotic, which electrolyte will switch with H+
K
will have hyperkalemia s/sx
when you become alklalotic, you will be in which electrolyte imbalance?
hypokalemic
no movement in the body to compensate for imbalance
uncompensated
little movement in the body to compensate for imbalance
partially
cause of respiratory acidosis
hypoventilation
COPD, PNA, atelectasis, chest wall abn, sedative/narcotic OD, resp. muscle weakness, injury to resp. center, underventilation
s/sx of respiratory acidosis
slow, shallow or rapid, shallow respirations HA seizures AMS decreased LOC hypotension dysrhythmias weak, thready pulse tachycardia warm, flushed skin
what do the kidneys do to compensate respiratory acidosis
eliminate H+ and retain HCO3
