Exam 3 - Diabetes Flashcards
DM 1 patho
pancreas fails to produce insulin
DM 2 patho
cells become insulin resistant
DM 1 dx at which age
younger
later in life d/t virus
DM 2 meds are given for what?
some insulin made, not enough
decrease insulin resistance
DM 2 is a result of
lifestyle choice
DM lifestyle preventions
PO meds for pre-diabetes
diet (low calorie; high glycemic carbs balanced with fat, protein)
exercise
3 P’s of DM
polydipsia
polyuria
polyphagia
Dx DM - random BGL
> 200
Dx DM - fasting BGL
> 126
Dx DM - 2 hour postload glucose
> 200
Dx DM - Hgb A1C
> 6.5
What occurs with Carb Consistent Diet
15 G carbs per choice
exercise therapy for BGL
moderate 3x/week resistance 2x/week exercise when BGL at peak proper footwear, equipment inspect feet daily do not exercise in extreme climates check BGL before, after exercise
exercise education for glucose level
check during exercise if prolonged workout
keep 15 G of simple surgars
by product of fat breakdown
Ketones
when the body can not adequately use sugar for energy it breaks down ___ to create more energy
fat
how to test for ketones
urine dipstick
when to give a rapid acting insulin
when the tray is infront of hte pt
only insulin to be given IV
short acting/regular
what occurs with the dawn phenomenon or somogyi effect
hypoglycemia around 0200-0300, then elevated BGL in the morning
*rebound effect
basal insulin
long-acting
when is “loose” control insulin administered
terminally ill
older, frail
difficulty following an intensive plan
s/sx of hypoglycemia
shaky sweaty dizzy confusion, difficulty speaking hungry weak, tired HA nervous, upset
pt education to prevent long term DM complications
foot care exercise, nutrition meds BP control control cholesterol, triglycerides keep dental, eye appointments
foot care education
check daily
use mirror to evaluate bottom of feet
clean daily with nonirritating soap, pat dry
supportive, well-fitting shoes
diabetic socks
avoid sandals, flip flops
