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N1115 - Trans. to Associates > Exam 2 - Respiratory Alterations > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Respiratory Alterations Flashcards

1
Q

most common reason for seeking healthcare

A

URI

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2
Q

where are URI treated?

A

community settings, doctors offices, long-term care facilities, self-care at home

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3
Q

goal when working within the community for URI

A

education - hygiene, meds, adverse effects

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4
Q

URI pt teaching

A

prevention

health promotion

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5
Q

inflammation of the paranasal sinus and nasal cavities

A

URI / Rhinosinusitis

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6
Q

cause of Rinosinusitis

A

alleriges
viral
bacterial

streptococcus pNA
haemophilus influenza

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7
Q

acute rhinosinusitis last how long

A

< 4 weeks

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8
Q

subacute rhinosinusitis last how long

A

4-12 weeks

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9
Q

chronic rhinosinusitis last how long

A

> 12 weeks

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10
Q

s/sx of viral and bacterial rhinosinusitis

A 
HA
cough
hoarseness
fever
stuffiness
generalized discomfort/fatigue
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11
Q

viral and bacterial rhinosinusitis diagnostics

A

physical exam

XR, CT, MRI

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12
Q

viral sinusitis usually follows ___

A

URI

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13
Q

how long does it for viral sinusitis to resolve on its own

A

14 days

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14
Q

what additional s/sx is present with bacterial rhinosinusitis

A

blood tinged - purulent sputum
worse after 3-5 days
fever 39C/102F
s/sx > 10 days

must tx with abx

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15
Q

rhinosinusitis interventions

A 
elevate head
ice collar to reduce inflammation
hot packs to reduce congestion
warm shower
analgesics
gargles for sore throat
2-3L liquid daily
soft, bland diet
rest
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16
Q

how long should you use decongestants?

A

no more than 3-5 days

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17
Q

rhinosinusitis med group symptom relief

A 
analgesics
antipyretics
nasal corticosteriods
saline nasal spray
antihistamines

bacterial: abx therapy 2-4 weeks, up to 12 weeks; PCN, cephalosporins, fluroquinolines

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18
Q

how to prevent rhinosinusitis

A

hand hygiene

flu vaccine

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19
Q

what occurs with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?

A

uvula blocks the airway

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20
Q

mild apnea

A

5-10 per hour

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21
Q

severe apnea

A

15-30 per hour

22
Q

apnea periods

A

10-90 seconds

23
Q

3 S’s of OSA

A

sleepiness (daytime)
snoring
significant other - reports

24
Q

OSA risk factors

A 
obesity
neck size > 17"
male
> 65 y/o
post menopausal
high PPD hx
25
Q

OSA hypoxia and hypercapnia s/sx

A 
sleep disturbances
early morning HA
irritability
HTN
dysrhythmias
26
Q

how to dx OSA

A

sleep studies
PSG
Stop Bang quiestionnaire

27
Q

OSA treatment/management

A

lose weight
side lying, HOB elevated
CPAP
BiPAP

28
Q

caution which meds with OSA

A

benzo

opiates

29
Q

what is CPAP

A

continuous positive airway pressure

30
Q

what is BiPAP

A

bilevel positive airway pressure

31
Q

surgical management of OSA

A

ablation

32
Q

CPAP, BiPAP education

A

how to use

keeping the device clean

33
Q

Four serotypes to the flu

A

A - can also effect animals
B - Avian (H5N1) Bird
C - Swine (H1N1) Pig, GI complication
D

34
Q

Flu precautions

A

droplet, contact

35
Q

flu incubation period

A

1-4 days

36
Q

when are you most contagious with the flu

A

1 day before symptoms occur

37
Q

contraindications to the INACTIVE (?) flu shot

A 
previous vaccine rxn
allergy to eggs, chicken
pregnancy
hx Guillian Barre
< 2, > 50 y/o
immunocompromised
chronic illness
HCP, caregivers of those with severe health problems
38
Q

s/sx of flu

A 
abrupt fever 102-104
chills, aches
HA
sore throat
cough
fever
fatigue, exhaustion
39
Q

gold standard test for the flu

A

throat culture

can take 7-10 days for results

40
Q

most convenient flu test

A

rapid

takes 30 minutes; occasional false positive or miss

41
Q

how is the live attenuated flu vaccine administered

A

nasal spray

42
Q

age range for nasal spray

A

healthy ages 2-49

no as effective in older adults

43
Q

how to administer inactivated vaccine

A

IM - deltoid in all individuals 6 months and older

44
Q

individuals who must have the flu shot

A 
> 65 y/o
caregivers of infants < 6 months old; immunocompromised
cancer pts
heart disease, stroke
DM
HIV/Aids
children with neuro deficits
HCP
45
Q

complications from the flu

A 
secondary infection
PNA
bronchitis/ear infection
hospitalization
death
46
Q

PNA vaccine prevents ___ PNA

A

bacterial

47
Q

viral PNA is best prevented by the ___ vaccine

A

flu

48
Q

care of the flu

A

rest; stay home 34 hours until fever is gone
wash hands
antipyretics

49
Q

anyone less than __ y/o should not receive salicylates including pepto d/t possibility of ___ ___

A

18; Ryes syndrome

50
Q

What can help reduce severity and duration of the flu if administered within 24 hours?

A

zinc

51
Q

zinc nursing considerations

A 
intranasal = loss of smell
lozenges = bad taste, nausea
oral = caffeine, dairy reduce absorption
52
Q

how long to be on droplet precaution for the flu?

A

7 days or 24 hours after fever has resolved

N1115 - Trans. to Associates (21 decks)

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