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N1115 - Trans. to Associates > Exam 2 - HTN > Flashcards

Exam 2 - HTN Flashcards

1
Q

main risk factor for CAD

A

HTN

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2
Q

most common chronic disease among US adults

A

HTN

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3
Q

how is it determined an individual has HTN

A

SBP > 140 or DBP >90 based on an average of 2 or more accurate BP measurements taken 1-4 weeks apart

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4
Q

HTN is aka

A

the silent killer

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5
Q

which race has the highest prevalence of HTN

A

African Americans

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6
Q

cause of primary HTN

A

idiopathic

95% of pts

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7
Q

cause of secondary HTN

A

renal disease
sleep apnea
pregnancy related

–secondary d/t an another underlying issue

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8
Q

symptoms r/t organ damange

A 
retinal, other eyes changes
renal damage
MI
cardiac hypertrophy
stroke, TIA
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9
Q

HTN risk factors

A 
alcohol
gender
smoking
obesity
physical inactivity
dyslipidemia
DM
CKD/impaired renal function
older age
family hx
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10
Q

how many alcoholic drinks are okay daily for men and for women?

A

m: 2
w: 1

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11
Q

medical management BP range for an individual with HTN

A

< 130/80

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12
Q

lifestyle modification for HTN

A

weight loss
DASH diet, decrease Na intake
regular physical activity
reduce alcohol comsumption

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13
Q

stage 1 HTN drug classes of choice for African Americans and pts > 60 y/o

A

CCB

thiazide diuretics

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14
Q

stage 1 HTN drug classes of choice for non-African Americans and pts < 60 y/o

A

ACE-I

ARB

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15
Q

will pts be started on a low or high dose of BP med initially?

A

low, increase gradually if needed

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16
Q

when is it considered resistant HTN?

A

UNCONTROLLED with 3 different types of BP meds (including diuretics)

*controlled with 4

17
Q

potential complications of HTN

A 
L ventricular hypertrophy
MI
HF
TIA
CVA, stroke, brain attack
renal insufficiency/CKD
retinal hemorrhage
18
Q

gerontologic considerations

A 
med regimen can be difficult to remember
expenses
comprehension
include family, caregivers
monotherapy
19
Q

when BP increases so the risk for…

A

MI
HF
stroke
renal disease

20
Q

HTN is a ___ ___ ___ ___ identified in Healthy People 2020.

A

high priority health concern

21
Q

83% of people over the age of ___ are aware they have high BP

A

20

22
Q

HTN crisis is divided into which 2 categories?

A

urgency

emergency

23
Q

BP reading for HTN urgency

A

> 180/110

24
Q

is HTN urgency quick acting?

A

develops over hours to days

25
Q

meds to tx HTN urgency

A

catapres
capoten
normodyne

26
Q

HTN emergency BP reading

A

> 220/140

27
Q

is there target organ damage with urgency or emergency?

A

emergency

28
Q

what are some causes of HTN emergency?

A

noncompliance with meds

under-medicated

29
Q

what are some problems that can occur during a HTN crisis?

A 
encephalopathy
intracranial, subarachnoid hemorrhage
HF
MI
renal damage
dissection aortic aneurysm
retinopathy
30
Q

s/sx of HTN emergency

A

HA

N/V

31
Q

syndrome in which a sudden rise in BP is associated with HA, N/V, seizures, confusion, coma are the results of increased cerebral capillary permeability

A

HTN encephalopathy

32
Q

s/sx of cardiac decompensation

A 
unstable angina
MI
HF
pulmonary edema
can have chest pain, dyspnea
33
Q

s/sx of aortic dissection

A

sudden, excruciating chest, back pain

possibly reduced or absent pulses in the extremities

34
Q

how much do you want to try to reduce the SBP during a HTN crisis within the first hour?

A

< 25%

*MAP 20-25% or 110-115mmHg

35
Q

how much do you want to try to reduce the SBP during a HTN crisis within hours 2-6?

A

160/110

36
Q

when should BP be controlled after initiating tx’ment for HTN crisis

A

24-48 hours

37
Q

IV anti-HTN drugs titrated to MAP or BP

A 
Vasodilators
-nicardipine (CCB); sodium nitroprusside
Adrenergic Inhibitors
-Phentolmine; labetalol (A+B blocker)
ACE-I
-Enalapril

N1115 - Trans. to Associates (21 decks)

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